{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:22:19Z","timestamp":1790824939568,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":86,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The study was an extension of our earlier work on antiinflammatory and anticancer properties of\n                    <jats:italic>G. asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    fruit. We aimed to develop a bioassay guided multistep purification technique for producing bioactive fractions of\n                    <jats:italic>G. asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    crude extracts. Dried fruit powder was sequentially fractionated with 100% dichloromethane, 100% methanol (MeOH), and 50% MeOH. Active extracts were subjected to liquid\u2010liquid partitioning followed by subfractionation using RP\u2010HPLC. Antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer activities of the fruit extracts, and their potent fractions were evaluated\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while identification of compounds from the bioactive fractions was performed by ESI\u2010MS\/MS analysis. The amount of the identified compounds present was confirmed using external standards adopting a simple, accurate, and rapid analytical HPLC method. The results showed that 100% and 50% MeOH extracts possessed bioactivity; one of which (the 50% MeOH extract) displayed potent activity in all\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    bioassays. MeOH extract (50%) derived fraction C and hydroalcoholic fraction 5 (GAHAF5) were observed to possess higher antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    anticancer activity. IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of GAHAF5 against MCF\u20107, HEp\u20102, and NCI\u2010H522 cancer cells was recorded as 26.2, 51.4, and 63\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/mL, respectively. ESI\u2010MS\/MS and HPLC analysis identified catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and morin as potential bioactive compounds in the GAHAF5 fraction with concentrations of 1230, 491, 957, and 130\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/g, respectively. The findings indicated that\n                    <jats:italic>G. asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    bioactive fractions possessed antiinflammatory activity\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and were cytotoxic against breast cancer, lung cancer, and laryngeal cancer cell lines.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2277417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T18:35:05Z","timestamp":1648492505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Antiinflammatory and Anticancer Properties of\n                    <i>Grewia asiatica<\/i>\n                    Crude Extracts and Fractions: A Bioassay\u2010Guided Approach"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6207-553X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Qamar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5605-6466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5685-4828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ross T.","family":"Barnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9412-1660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piero","family":"Sestili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9664-3101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zyta M.","family":"Ziora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5174-809X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia E.","family":"Lazarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2358-8479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tariq","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","volume-title":"Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010","author":"Alwan A.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2010.0830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0380-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","first-page":"179","volume-title":"New Look to Phytomedicine","author":"Khan M. S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers8030029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-5364(13)60002-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","volume-title":"Drugs of Natural Origin: A Textbook of Pharmacognosy","author":"Samuelsson G.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","first-page":"348","volume-title":"Perspectives on new crops and new uses","author":"Yadav A. K.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np040106y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","unstructured":"Choudharyet al. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office U.S. Patent No. 10 005 809 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40995-016-0081-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JBR-190459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2017.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/10.6.1003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2010.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","first-page":"525","article-title":"The bioactivity of certain medicinal plants on the stabilization of RBC membrane system","volume":"60","author":"Sadique J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","first-page":"146","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Oxalis corniculata Linn","volume":"2","author":"Sakat S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(99)00030-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1968.tb09718.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells by natural phenolic compounds","volume":"3","author":"Roy M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/pc.2011.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of the successive extracts of Grewia asiatica leaves","volume":"19","author":"Gupta M. K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Effect of Grewia asiatica fruit on glycemic index and phagocytosis tested in healthy human subjects","volume":"26","author":"Mesaik M. A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","first-page":"482","article-title":"Invitro anti-inflammatory and anti-artheritic property of rhizopora mucronata leaves","volume":"6","author":"Kumari C. S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-020-00207-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","volume-title":"Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology","author":"Scanlon V. C.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X1100601007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/jmmihs.v2i0.15797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.115.3.597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","first-page":"327","article-title":"The in vitro anti-denaturation effects induced by natural products and non-steroidal compounds in heat treated (immunogenic) bovine serum albumin is proposed as a screening assay for the detection of anti-inflammatory compounds, without the use of animals, in the early stages of the drug discovery process","volume":"57","author":"Williams L. A. D.","year":"2008","journal-title":"West Indian Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","first-page":"161","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of Theobroma cacao, root extract","volume":"5","author":"Oyedapo O. O.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicinal Plants"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60154-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","first-page":"189","article-title":"Invitro anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Enicostemma axillare","volume":"3","author":"Leelaprakash G.","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Development and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","first-page":"335","article-title":"Antifungal activity of drimane sesquiterpenes from Drimys brasiliensis using bioassay-guided fractionation","volume":"8","author":"Malheiros A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410701371462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.4087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200900087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2011.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-011-0165-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2014.2535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010428317712443"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-1748"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13056236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-017-3171-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8080458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2012.580"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1249780"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2013-1312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2016.4777"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2012.845"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_2","first-page":"464","article-title":"Comparative analysis of total flavonoids, quercetin content and antioxidant activity of in vivo and in vitro plant parts of Grewia asiatica mast","volume":"5","author":"Sharma N. I.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-019-04092-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_2","first-page":"354","article-title":"Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS\/MS) analysis of Russelia equisetiformis extract","volume":"49","author":"Riaz M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bulgarian Chemical Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2207-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GatesP. J.andLopesN. P. Characterisation of flavonoid aglycones by negative ion chip-based nanospray tandem mass spectrometry. International journal of analytical chemistry 2012 2012 259217 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/259217.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/259217"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2022\/2277417.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2022\/2277417.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2022\/2277417","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T15:45:53Z","timestamp":1735659953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2022\/2277417"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yearul","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2022\/2277417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/2277417","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2277417"}}