{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T15:56:34Z","timestamp":1778860594307,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Schistosomiasis control remains a public health concern, and there is a need to evaluate new strategies for targeting larval and adult stages of the parasite. As Pedilanthus tithymaloides is empirically used to treat schistosomiasis, it becomes essential to know its effective action scientifically. This study assessed the cercaricidal and schistosomicidal activity of P. tithymaloides stem barks raffia wine extract (RwPt) and hydroethanolic extract (HePt). Different concentrations of these extracts were tested against cercariae (31.25\u20131000\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) and adult worms (62.5\u20132000\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) of Schistosoma mansoni. Niclosamide-olamine 5% (1\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) and praziquantel (10\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) were used as pharmacological controls. Cercariae viability was determined every 30\u2009min for 180\u2009min, and adult worms\u2019 motor activity and viability after 24 and 48\u2009h incubation. In addition, cytotoxicity and phytochemical analysis were performed. HePt was lethal to cercariae and adult worms with LC50 of 73.91\u2009\u03bcg\/mL after 60\u2009min of incubation and 731.17\u2009\u03bcg\/mL after 48\u2009h of incubation, respectively. Furthermore, a significant reduction of 94.44% in motor activity was observed in surviving worms at the concentration of 2000\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. RwPt was less effective on S. mansoni cercariae with an LC50 of 617.86\u2009\u03bcg\/mL after 180\u2009min and on adult worms with a mortality rate of 9.83% at 2000\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for 48\u2009h incubation. Both extracts showed a weak cytotoxicity profile with an IC50 of 983.50\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for HePt and more than 1000\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for RwPt. The LC-MS analysis of HePt allowed the detection of two annotated diterpenoids. Based on the selectivity index, the hydroethanolic extract of P. tithymaloides stem barks disclosed an intense cercaricidal activity and a moderate schistosomicidal effect with low cytotoxicity. These findings may support the potential use of Pedilanthus tithymaloides as a natural product or a source of natural-derived compounds for interrupting schistosomiasis transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2672150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T21:20:09Z","timestamp":1663363209000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In Vitro Cercaricidal and Schistosomicidal Activities of the Raffia Wine and Hydroethanolic Extracts of Pedilanthus tithymaloides Linn (Poit). Stem Barks"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Emilienne","family":"Tienga Nkondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"},{"name":"Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9838-8570","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hermine","family":"Boukeng Jatsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"},{"name":"Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nestor","family":"Gipwe Feussom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"},{"name":"Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9rim\u00e9 Christian","family":"Kenfack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"},{"name":"Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8715-152X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Membe Femoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"},{"name":"Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Tamdem Guetchueng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Kopa Kowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Kamtchouing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7365-7650","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Louis-Albert","family":"Tchuem Tchuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biology and Ecology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"Schistosomiasis","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69440-3","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"368","author":"B. Gryseels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2019.06.001"},{"key":"4","volume-title":"Current Estimated Total Number of Individuals with Morbidity and Mortality Due to Schistosomiasis Haematobium and S. Mansoni Infection in Sub-saharan Africa","author":"WHO","year":"2020"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qco.0b013e328318978f"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-0621-y"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2014.06.002"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-020-00242-x"},{"issue":"8","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000504","article-title":"Reduced susceptibility to praziquantel among naturally occurring Kenyan isolates of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"3","author":"S. D. Melman","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Disease"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02582-16"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182009991600"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/idrt.s24342"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(06)70521-7"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118202000181x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/pp.2015.68039"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2583969"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ejmp\/2020\/v31i830256"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/jamps\/2020\/v22i1030199"},{"key":"19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Brazilian red propolis exhibits antiparasitic properties In vitro and reduces worm burden and egg production in a mouse model harbouring either early or chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection","volume":"2021","author":"M. P. Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001474"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1726365"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105741"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2022.100279"},{"issue":"5","key":"24","first-page":"109","article-title":"An updated review on phytopharmacological profile of Euphorbia tithymaloides (L.) Poit","volume":"8","author":"S. Rajani","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Pharma Innovation Journal"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.07.037"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-007-0186-z"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-012-0449-4"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.05.048"},{"issue":"2","key":"29","first-page":"36","article-title":"Larvicidal activity of Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit (Euphorbiaceae) leaf against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"2","author":"R. Raveen","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Biology"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np070174v"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijbc.2015.295.301"},{"key":"32","first-page":"53","article-title":"Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.). Poit: phytochemical prospection and antimicrobial activity","volume":"6","author":"E. S. Matisui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientia Amazonia"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139338"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14499\/indonesianjpharm29iss1pp1"},{"issue":"22","key":"35","first-page":"24","article-title":"Evaluation of cercaricidal and miracidal activity of selected plant extracts against larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"6","author":"B. A. Obare","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Sciences Research"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7281144"},{"key":"37","first-page":"589","article-title":"T\u00e9cnica de perfus\u00e3o para colheita de Schistosoma mansoni Emco Ias experimental menteinfestadas","volume":"8","author":"J. Pellegrino","year":"1986","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Malariologia E Doen\u00e7as Tropicais"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.2.s1.s53"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/jmpr2018.6722"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es60130a004"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2013.2763"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw506"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182009000493"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.08.021"},{"key":"45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Molluscicidal and parasiticidal activities of Eryngium triquetrum essential oil on Schistosoma mansoni and its intermediate snail host Biomphalaria glabrata, a double impact","volume":"13","author":"R. C. Augusto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52403\/ijrr.20210558"},{"issue":"1","key":"47","first-page":"24","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and antihelminthic activity of Carallum dalzielli extracts against cercarial stage of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"11","author":"M. Mohammed","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Natural Sciences: Current and Future Research Trends"},{"issue":"4","key":"48","first-page":"347","article-title":"Characterization of cycloartanol triterpene isolated from dichloromethane extract of Pedilanthus tithymaloides","volume":"16","author":"H. C. Su\u00e1rez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2012.02.056"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125001447"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci5040094"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113287"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5897-4"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6188-9"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7909137"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2014.12.014"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.12.003"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.61.11.0001"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.06.005"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2010.12.001"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6902-6_4"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2695-7"},{"issue":"6","key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.15.23","article-title":"Natural products with antischistosomal activity","volume":"7","author":"J. De Moraes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"64","volume-title":"Natural Compounds in Cancer Therapy","author":"J. Boik","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/2672150.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/2672150.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/2672150.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T21:20:36Z","timestamp":1663363236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/2672150\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ademar A.","family":"Da Silva Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["2672150","2672150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/2672150","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-4288","1741-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]}}}