{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T10:52:19Z","timestamp":1784717539638,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010218","name":"Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["98337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["98337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010218","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010218","name":"Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["120752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120752"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010218","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"South African Research Chairs Initiative","award":["98337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["98337"]}]},{"name":"South African Research Chairs Initiative","award":["120752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120752"]}]},{"name":"Global Excellence and Stature, Fourth Industrial Revolution (GES 4.0) Postgraduate Scholarship","award":["98337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["98337"]}]},{"name":"Global Excellence and Stature, Fourth Industrial Revolution (GES 4.0) Postgraduate Scholarship","award":["120752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120752"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011512","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["98337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["98337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011512","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011512","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["120752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120752"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011512","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006565","name":"University of Johannesburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["98337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["98337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006565","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006565","name":"University of Johannesburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["120752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120752"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006565","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stem Cells International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuronal cells can be generated from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) through biological or chemical inducers. Research has shown that this process may be optimized by the introduction of laser irradiation in the form of photobiomodulation (PBM) to cells. This in vitro study is aimed at generating neuronal-like cells with inducers, chemical or biological, and at furthermore treating these transdifferentiating cells with consecutive PBM of a 525\u2009nm green (G) laser and 825\u2009nm near-infrared (NIR) laser light with a fluence of 10\u2009J\/cm2. Cells were exposed to induction type 1 (IT1): 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) (0.5\u2009mM)+indomethacin (200\u2009\u03bcM)+insulin (5\u2009\u03bcg\/ml) for 14 days, preinduced with \u03b2-mercaptoethanol (BME) (1\u2009mM) for two days, and then incubated with IT2: \u03b2-hydroxyanisole (BHA) (100\u2009\u03bcM)+retinoic acid (RA) (10-6\u2009M)+epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10\u2009ng\/ml)+basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (10\u2009ng\/ml) for 14 days and preinduced with \u03b2-mercaptoethanol (BME) (1\u2009mM) for two days and then incubated with indomethacin (200\u2009\u03bcM)+RA (1\u2009\u03bcM)+forskolin (10\u2009\u03bcM) for 14 days. The results were evaluated through morphological observations, viability, proliferation, and migration studies, 24\u2009h, 48\u2009h, and 7 days post-PBM. The protein detection of an early neuronal marker, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and late, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The genetic expression was also explored through real-time PCR. Results indicated differentiation in all experimental groups; however, cells that were preinduced showed higher proliferation and a higher differentiation rate than the group that was not preinduced. Within the preinduced groups, results indicated that cells treated with IT2 and consecutive PBM upregulated differentiation the most morphologically and physiologically.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2744789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T05:05:22Z","timestamp":1662440722000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Promoting Immortalized Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Transdifferentiation and Proliferation into Neuronal-Like Cells through Consecutive 525\u2009nm and 825\u2009nm Photobiomodulation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7678-9579","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Madeleen","family":"Jansen van Rensburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7581-7731","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anine","family":"Crous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5002-827X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heidi","family":"Abrahamse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-020-00374-y"},{"key":"2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Potential of photobiomodulation to induce differentiation of adiposederived mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells","volume":"15","author":"M. J. Van Rensburg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e02-02-0105"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2017.4411"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2016.1251711"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10091320"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23265"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-007-0479-1"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.10.008"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0454-7"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20117"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-015-1730-9"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12864"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2620-8"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.12877"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.897044"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07525-w"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.07.009"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2019.S17"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-017-0012-4"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a008904","article-title":"Signaling pathways that control cell proliferation","volume":"5","author":"R. J. Duronio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3452"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000055043.62589.05"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/105221610X12717040569866"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1990519X13030140"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2121-11-25"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-016-0359-3"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2012.09.038"},{"key":"29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of priming e ffi ciency of forskolin in tissue-specific human mesenchymal stem cells into","volume":"9","author":"M. Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01955-w"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00018-9"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.634371"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12315"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.86.1.47"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.12.013"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2271-1"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11061-y"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01967-2"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2006.00081.x"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.072728"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29252\/ibj.24.1.30"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-2097-2"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2017.29.2.149"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2016.04.007"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.021"},{"key":"46","first-page":"1","article-title":"A rapid non-radioactive technique for measurement of repair synthesis in primary human fibroblasts by incorporation of ethynyl deoxyuridine (EdU)","volume":"37","author":"S. Limsirichaikul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.10.006"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.02.015"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408638111"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-011-0246-1"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0750991.x"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-01-00240.2003"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2015.016"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/016164106X91960"},{"key":"55","first-page":"1","article-title":"DNA replication fading as proliferating cells advance in their commitment to terminal differentiation","volume":"2","author":"M. M. Estefa\u0144a","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.09.006"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(90)90034-6"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090973"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.627811"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08601"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07453-x"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-8-66"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws323"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00534"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35041572"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00168"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37086"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22562"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050375"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a003231"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-012-0015-9"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2002.65"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.01.018"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.201367598"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.98"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603915"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00148"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12782"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.02.005"},{"key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.04.087"},{"key":"81","first-page":"43","article-title":"Putative role of Pax5 in immunological surveillance of brain","volume":"60","author":"S. Kumar Maurya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Scientific Research"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.10.038"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.2.467"},{"issue":"3","key":"84","first-page":"276","article-title":"Usefulness of S100B protein in neurological disorders","volume":"61","author":"T. Yardan","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"},{"key":"85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-012-9507-6"},{"key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v6.i3.305"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02558"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858414561795"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-020-0768-7"}],"container-title":["Stem Cells International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sci\/2022\/2744789.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sci\/2022\/2744789.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sci\/2022\/2744789.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T05:05:48Z","timestamp":1662440748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/sci\/2022\/2744789\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tianxiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["2744789","2744789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/2744789","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9678","1687-966X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-9678","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1687-966X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]}}}