{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T08:16:57Z","timestamp":1767169017544,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":150,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Evidence suggests that omega\u20103 fatty acid intake exerts a protective effect on lung cancer, but its causal association with risk of lung cancer remains uncertain. This study attempts to clarify the causal effect of omega\u20103 fatty acids on lung cancer utilizing genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS) data with Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study acquired omega\u20103 fatty acid data from the UK Biobank and data of lung cancer patients from the Consortium and International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). Single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with omega\u20103 fatty acids were screened as instrumental variables (IVs) in line with the criteria of\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 5\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2212 8, linkage disequilibrium\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    &gt; 0.001 and distance &lt; 10000\u2009kb. Through inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR\u2010Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, causal association between omega\u20103 fatty acids and risk of lung cancer was evaluated. Cochran\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                    test was applied for a heterogeneity test. The pleiotropy and horizontal pleiotropy among IVs were evaluated via MR\u2010Egger regression intercept analysis.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Totally, 42 SNPs associated with omega\u20103 fatty acids were identified as IVs. According to the results of IVW (OR (95% CI): 0.899 (0.817, 0.990),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.03), MR\u2010Egger (OR (95% CI): 0.856 (0.750, 0.977),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.026), weighted median (OR (95% CI): 0.899 (0.817, 0.990),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.001), simple mode (OR (95% CI): 0.901 (\u20100.678, 1.199),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.478), and weighted mode (OR (95% CI): 0.859 (0.782, 0.944),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.003), omega\u20103 fatty acids showed a causal association with low risk of lung cancer. No genetic pleiotropy or horizontal pleiotropy was found according to MR\u2010Egger regression intercept analysis.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our findings provide sufficient evidence that omega\u20103 fatty acids are causal protective factors of lung cancer. Despite this, further work is required for elucidating the potential mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2786567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T20:50:06Z","timestamp":1654030206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["[Retracted] Mendelian Randomization Study of Causal Relationship between Omega\u20103 Fatty Acids and Risk of Lung 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