{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T17:13:17Z","timestamp":1782321197545,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Many diseases, including diabetes, are involved in the development of liver disorders through changes in the expression of genes such as apoptosis-related genes. In the present study, the effect of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) on hepatic enzyme activity and apoptosis-related gene expression in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was examined. In this study, 50 adult male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200\u2013220\u2009g were divided into five groups. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60\u2009mg\/kg). Following 18 days, all the animals in different groups were weighed and blood samples were taken from their cardiac veins. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed 45 different compounds in the T. vulgaris, including thymol (39.1%), p-cymene (20.63%), and \u03b3-terpinene (14.85%). The results showed a significant increase in liver enzymes (aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) in diabetic or STZ mice compared to the control group (healthy mice) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.0001<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The levels of AST, ALT, and ALP in rats treated with 200\u2009mg\/kg and 400\u2009mg\/kg of T. vulgaris extract showed a significant decrease in these enzymes in comparison with diabetic rats (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>P<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.0001<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The expression of caspase 3 and 9 genes in the groups treated with thyme significantly decreased compared to diabetic mice (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>P<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.0001<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the group receiving 400\u2009mg\/kg of thyme significantly increased compared to diabetic mice (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>P<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.0001<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Due to its antioxidant compounds, thyme improves the liver tissue cells in STZ-induced diabetic mice by reducing caspases 3 and 9 as well as increasing Bcl-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2948966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T18:06:07Z","timestamp":1648058767000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Effect of Thymus vulgaris on Hepatic Enzymes Activity and Apoptosis-Related Gene Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Azimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalil","family":"Mehrzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elnaz","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Orafei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Agricultural, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Aghaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armita","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Agricultural, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0031-0028","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Ghorbani Ranjbary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.183480"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8641942"},{"issue":"2","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2090","article-title":"The hepatoprotective effects of fennel seeds extract and trans-anethole in streptozotocin-induced liver injury in rats","volume":"9","author":"Z. 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