{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T19:07:54Z","timestamp":1770491274257,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651449600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. This study is aimed at investigating the epidemiology and risk factors of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (pinkeye) in Huangshi Port District of Huangshi City. Methods. A total of 593 cases of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the observation group. The epidemiological characteristics (age of onset, season, occupation, clinical manifestations, and etiological characteristics) were analyzed. A total of 425 healthy subjects (nonacute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis) were selected as the control group. The general data of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors affecting the occurrence of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis were analyzed by logistic regression. Results. The onset age of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis was mainly concentrated in 0-20-year-old and 60-year-old age groups, and the onset season was mainly concentrated in April to August, with the highest incidence in May. The proportions of middle school students and workers in patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis were higher than those of other occupations (both <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Ocular conjunctival congestion, tingling, and foreign body sensation were the main clinical manifestations of patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Among the 593 conjunctival swab samples collected in this study, the positive rates of HEV70 and CVA24v were higher than those of adenovirus nucleic acid (both <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>P<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.05<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The proportion of people aged \u226440 years old, male, working outdoors, using potable water equipment, contact history of patients with acute conjunctivitis, history of chemical substances entering eyes, combined with immune system diseases, and <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mtext>public<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mtext>\u2009<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mtext>toilet<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mtext>\u2009<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mtext>utilization<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mtext>\u2009<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mtext>rate<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mo>\u2265<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>1<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> times\/d in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (all <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>P<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.05<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and the proportion of people washing hands before eating and after toilet was lower than that in the control group (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>P<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>&lt;<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.05<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that working place outdoors, use of potable water equipment, contact history of patients with acute conjunctivitis (all <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>P<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>&lt;<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.05<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mtext>use<\/m:mtext>\n                        <m:mtext>\u2009<\/m:mtext>\n                        <m:mtext>of<\/m:mtext>\n                        <m:mtext>\u2009<\/m:mtext>\n                        <m:mtext>public<\/m:mtext>\n                        <m:mtext>\u2009<\/m:mtext>\n                        <m:mtext>toilets<\/m:mtext>\n                        <m:mo>\u2265<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mtext>once<\/m:mtext>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> a day were risk factors for the occurrence of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, and washing hands before eating and after toilet was a protective factor (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:mi>P<\/o:mi>\n                        <o:mo>&lt;<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>0.05<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Conclusion. The onset age of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis was mainly concentrated in 0-20-year-old and 60-year-old age; the onset season was mainly concentrated in summer and autumn; adenovirus is the main pathogenic bacteria; ocular conjunctivitis congestion, tingling, and foreign body sensation were the main clinical manifestations; working place outdoors, use of potable water equipment, contact history of patients with acute conjunctivitis (all <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <q:mi>P<\/q:mi>\n                        <q:mo>&lt;<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>0.05<\/q:mn>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\">\n                        <s:mtext>use<\/s:mtext>\n                        <s:mtext>\u2009<\/s:mtext>\n                        <s:mtext>of<\/s:mtext>\n                        <s:mtext>\u2009<\/s:mtext>\n                        <s:mtext>public<\/s:mtext>\n                        <s:mtext>\u2009<\/s:mtext>\n                        <s:mtext>toilets<\/s:mtext>\n                        <s:mo>\u2265<\/s:mo>\n                        <s:mtext>once<\/s:mtext>\n                     <\/s:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> a day were risk factors for the occurrence of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, while washing hands before eating and after toilet was a protective factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3009589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T17:35:11Z","timestamp":1651512911000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Epidemiological Investigation and Risk Factor Analysis of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis in Huangshi Port District, Huangshi City"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Education, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic, Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, No. 141 Tianjin Road, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5531-6959","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Service Center, Kunming Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan 650034, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1","first-page":"660","article-title":"Effect of cluster intervention on clustered events of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis","volume":"17","author":"K. 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