{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:10:39Z","timestamp":1787069439650,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":285,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011913","name":"Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VGHMHU109-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGHMHU109-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108-2320-B-276-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108-2320-B-276-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Oral cancer is a malignant neoplasia that is more common in Asian than other regions, and men are at higher risk than women. Currently, clinical treatment for oral cancer consists of radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy. Therefore, it is important to find a drug that can inhibit the growth of cancer cells more effectively and safely. In this study, we examined the cytotoxicity of 4\u2010carbomethoxyl\u201010\u2010epigyrosanoldie E extracted from cultured soft coral\n                    <jats:italic>Sinularia sandensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    towards oral cancer cells. MTT cell proliferation and colony formation assays were used to evaluate cell survival, and immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were employed to analyze the effects of 4\u2010carbomethoxyl\u201010\u2010epigyrosanoldie E on apoptosis and autophagy. 4\u2010Carbomethoxyl\u201010\u2010epigyrosanoldie E treatment also induced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are associated with 4\u2010carbomethoxyl\u201010\u2010epigyrosanoldie E\u2010induced cell death. In addition, the 4\u2010carbomethoxyl\u201010\u2010epigyrosanoldie E\u2010induced antiproliferation effects on Ca9\u201022 and Cal\u201027 cells were associated with the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activation of proapoptotic proteins (such as caspase\u20103\/\u20109, Bax, and Bad), and inhibition of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl\u20102, Bcl\u2010xl, and Mcl\u20101). 4\u2010Carbomethoxyl\u201010\u2010epigyrosanoldie E treatment also triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to activation of the PERK\/elF2\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/ATF4\/CHOP apoptotic pathway. Moreover, increased expressions of Beclin\u20101, Atg3, Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, Atg 16, LC3\u2010I, and LC3\u2010II proteins indicated that 4\u2010carbomethoxyl\u201010\u2010epigyrosanoldie E triggered autophagy in oral cancer cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that 4\u2010carbomethoxyl\u201010\u2010epigyrosanoldie E suppressed human oral cancer cell proliferation and should be further investigated with regard to its potential use as a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of human oral cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3017807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T20:05:14Z","timestamp":1665691514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["4\u2010Carbomethoxyl\u201010\u2010Epigyrosanoldie E Extracted from Cultured Soft Coral\n                    <i>Sinularia sandensis<\/i>\n                    Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy via ROS and Mitochondrial Dysfunction and ER Stress in Oral Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Yun-Ying","family":"She","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jen-Jie","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui-Hsin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Shou","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8816-4725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Jen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-007-9082-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2008.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"An overview of detection and screening of oral cancer in Taiwan","volume":"18","author":"Kao S. 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