{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T18:36:31Z","timestamp":1778870191663,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Maternal and Infant Clinical Research Special Fund","award":["2020BINCLC009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020BINCLC009"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Yanbian University","award":["2020BINCLC009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020BINCLC009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. This paper aims to investigate the correlation between high mobility group protein-1 (HMG-b1), antioxidant enzyme-1 (paraoxon-1, PON-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1), P. gingivalis, and MSAF. Materials and Methods. The total sample size comprised of 73 cases in both groups. These patients were further subdivided into 2 groups: the MSAF group and the control group. 38 women were in the MSAF group and 35 women with term amniotic fluid serum were in the control group. The MSAF group was selected as a full-term singleton amniotic fluid fecal infection group. Clinical data were collected, and specimens were collected. Fecal staining of amniotic fluid and full-term amniotic fluid removes the placenta and umbilical cord blood. The expression of HMGB1 in the placenta was observed by immune-histochemical staining of MSAF and control groups. The content of PON-1 in cord blood was determined by ELISA. Results. Correlation between maternal and neonatal clinical data and MSAF was done; MSAF group mean gestational age was 41.38\u2009\u00b1\u20091.40\u2009weeks; control group mean gestational age was 39.20\u2009\u00b1\u20091.24\u2009weeks. This study found no correlation between the birth weight, maternal age, sex, first\/transmaternal, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and anemia between the MSAF and control group with nonsignificant P value (<jats:inline-formula><a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><a:mi>P<\/a:mi><a:mo>&gt;<\/a:mo><a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn><\/a:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). However, the fatal age, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, umbilical cord abnormalities, placental abnormalities, and neonatal asphyxia factors were statistically different with a significant P value of &lt;0.05 between both groups. HMGB1 and Periodontal P. gingivalis are mostly expressed in placental trophoblast, vascular endothelial cells, and amniotic epithelial and interstitial cells. After HE staining of 72 placentas by HE in MSAF and control, 6 had acute chorioamnionitis (5.1 control), 32 had chronic (23.9), 35 had abnormal placentas, and three in MSAF had chorionic columnar metaplasia. In immune-histochemistry experiments, the HMGB1 expression intensity of placental tissue was higher in the MSAF group (<jats:inline-formula><c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><c:mi>P<\/c:mi><c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo><c:mn>0.05<\/c:mn><\/c:math><\/jats:inline-formula>); however, the level of PON-1 was lower in the MSAF group as compared to the controls (<jats:inline-formula><e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><e:mi>P<\/e:mi><e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo><e:mn>0.05<\/e:mn><\/e:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). Conclusions. Gestational age and placental abnormalities are clinical high-risk factors for MSAF. HMGB1, PON-1, MCP-1, and Periodontal P. gingivalis may be involved in the development of MSAF, suggesting an oxidative\/antioxidant imbalance with inflammation, and may be one of the mechanisms for MSAF development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3143102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T23:20:10Z","timestamp":1645572010000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Correlation of HMGB1, PON-1, MCP-1, and Periodontal P. gingivalis with Amniotic Fluid Fecal Dye"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9469-9769","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhen-Ai","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, 1327 Bureau Street, Jilin, Yanji, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, 1327 Bureau Street, Jilin, Yanji, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Bing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Department, Rizhao People\u2019s Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 126,Taian Road, Rizhao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, 1183 Gongnong Street, Chaoyang, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Kun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Department, Rizhao People\u2019s Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 126,Taian Road, Rizhao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Lan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrical Department, Rizhao People\u2019s Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 126,Taian Road, Rizhao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Jun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrical Department, Rizhao People\u2019s Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 126,Taian Road, Rizhao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo","family":"Jie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, 1327 Bureau Street, Yanji, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Mei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Dalian Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center (Group), No. 1 Dunhuang Road, Dalian Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"1","first-page":"264","article-title":"Case of clinical analysis","volume":"18","author":"S. 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