{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T18:10:36Z","timestamp":1768155036089,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To investigate the effect of dapagliflozin (DAPA) on cardiac hypertrophy induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its mechanism. Methods. SD rats with T2DM were divided into a T2DM group (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>n<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>6<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and DAPA group (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>n<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>6<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). They were, respectively, fed with the same amount of normal saline and 1\u2009mg\/kg DAPA. The control group (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>n<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>6<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) was also fed with normal saline. The hearts were tested by the application of echocardiography and hemodynamics. Subsequently, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) as well as interleukin- (IL-) 10, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 in serum were tested. H&amp;E and Masson staining was performed to observe the degree of cardiac tissue lesions, and expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), calpain-1, p-I\u03baB\u03b1, and p65 in myocardial tissue was tested by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results. Compared with the control group, rats in the T2DM group exhibited significant diabetic symptoms: FBG was significantly elevated, and the levels of TC, TG, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1 were significantly increased, while the levels of IL-10 and the calpain activity were evidently decreased. However, DAPA treatment could improve the above changes. At the same time, the damage and fibrosis of the heart tissue in the DAPA group were markedly improved. Additionally, the mRNA expression of ANP and BNP in myocardial tissue of the DAPA group was markedly increased. And DAPA could inhibit the expression of p-I\u03baB\u03b1\/I\u03baB\u03b1 in the cytoplasm and p65 in the nucleus as well as the expression of calpain-1 in myocardial tissue. Conclusion. DAPA treatment ameliorates the cardiac hypertrophy caused by T2DM by decreasing body blood glucose, while reducing the expression of calpain-1 in cardiomyocytes and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-\u03baB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3293054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T01:35:18Z","timestamp":1642728918000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dapagliflozin Ameliorates STZ-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Type 2 Diabetic Rats by Inhibiting the Calpain-1 Expression and Nuclear Transfer of NF-\u03baB"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haizhao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanhai People\u2019s Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunyi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanhai People\u2019s Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jielong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanhai People\u2019s Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5047-0276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nanhai People\u2019s Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30094-8"},{"issue":"10113","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32129-3","article-title":"Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128\u00b79 million children, adolescents, and adults","volume":"390","author":"L. 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