{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:48:23Z","timestamp":1747190903140,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, authors offer one novel mathematical model of credit lending to customers based on evolutionary game theory, and the model presents an efficient and realistic approach. The purpose of the article is to examine the evolutionary game between banks and customers for granting facilities and credit. Authors assumed that customers are divided into two types. The first type of customers includes individuals or small and medium enterprises (SME), applying for microloans from the bank. The second type of customers includes corporate banking or large enterprises, applying for large loans from the bank. The relationship between the bank and the customers is a double-sided problem. Banks and customers may trust each other or want to behave opportunistically. The results show that the game has two equilibriums, and the optimal equilibrium, which is the best-case scenario, occurs when customers and bank players tending to keep \u201chonest\u201d and to \u201ccredit,\u201d respectively. Authors used the evolutionary stable strategy to express the parameters that affect these interactions, and by adjusting some of these parameters, authors move the equilibrium towards the optimal solution of the game. Also, by adjusting these parameters, banks can gain more profitability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3400319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T18:50:13Z","timestamp":1670957413000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A New Credit and Loan Lending Strategy and Credit in Banking Systems: An Evolutionary Game Theory Approach"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1037-1756","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zohreh","family":"Lashgari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1116-0811","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alireza","family":"Bahiraie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0077-1142","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Madjid","family":"Eshaghi Gordji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"volume-title":"Game Theory Analysis on Bank-Enterprise Credit Relation","year":"2009","author":"X. Kong","key":"1"},{"author":"Y. Zhang","key":"2","article-title":"A game analysis on bank-enterprise credit contract"},{"key":"3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Game theory and its applications","volume":"30","author":"K. Jameson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sr. Seraphim Gibbons Undergraduate Symposium"},{"author":"J. Y. Halpern","key":"4","article-title":"Computer science and game theory: a brief survey"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269964810000033"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JHLSCM-07-2013-0026"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijfe.1696"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266267100002893"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10614-019-09937-4"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13685201011010236"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3846\/20294913.2012.688072"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJBM-03-2014-0042"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/890972"},{"key":"14","first-page":"127","article-title":"An evolutionary game analysis of the internal fraud in commercial banks of our country","volume":"6","author":"X. Wen-xuan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Economic Survey"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511609992","volume-title":"Decision Making Using Game Theory: An Introduction for Managers","author":"A. Kelly","year":"2003"},{"author":"J. Hua","key":"16","article-title":"Evolutionary game analysis on the supervision of bad loans in commercial banks"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfds.2017.09.002"},{"key":"18","first-page":"52","article-title":"Study on cooperative game model in financial regulation","volume":"1","author":"W.-J. Lyu","year":"2018","journal-title":"DEStech Transactions on Social Science, Education and Human Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Banking on cooperation: an evolutionary analysis of microfinance loan repayment behaviour","volume":"3","author":"S. Gehrig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evolutionary Human Sciences"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2020.106501"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40822-020-00163-0"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10644-022-09412-5"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2016.08.015"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27737-5_188-3"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001910050054"},{"issue":"2","key":"26","first-page":"185","article-title":"Can evolutionary game theory evolve in sociology? Beyond solving the prisoner's dilemma","volume":"18","author":"Y. Sato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sociological Theory and Methods"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/jimo.2011.7.947"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093988"},{"issue":"1","key":"29","first-page":"35","article-title":"Evolutionary game to model risk appetite of individual investors","volume":"22","author":"Z. Lashgari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advances in Systems Science and Applications"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/216193"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/249543"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17513758.2021.1946177"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2020.110288"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/psapm\/069\/2882632"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0531(92)90036-H"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2022\/3400319.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2022\/3400319.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2022\/3400319.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T18:50:22Z","timestamp":1670957422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2022\/3400319\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kamal","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["3400319","3400319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/3400319","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-0042","1110-757X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-0042"},{"type":"print","value":"1110-757X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]}}}