{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:45:30Z","timestamp":1768567530127,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is well-established that treating articular cartilage injuries is clinically challenging since they lack blood arteries, nerves, and lymphoid tissue. Recent studies have revealed that bone marrow stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSCs-Exos) exert significant chondroprotective effects through paracrine secretions, and hydrogel-based materials can synergize the exosomes through sustained release. Therefore, this research aims to synthesize an ECM (extracellular matrix)-mimicking gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel modified by gelatin combined with BMSCs-derived exosomes to repair cartilage damage. We first isolated and characterized exosomes from BMSCs supernatant and then loaded the exosomes into GelMA hydrogel to investigate cartilage repair effects in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The outcomes showed that the GelMA hydrogel has good biocompatibility with a 3D (three-dimensional) porous structure, exhibiting good carrier characteristics for exosomes. Furthermore, BMSCs-Exos had a significant effect on promoting chondrocyte ECM production and chondrocyte proliferation, and the GelMA hydrogel could enhance this effect through a sustained-release effect. Similarly, in vivo experiments showed that GelMA-Exos promoted cartilage regeneration in rat joint defects and the synthesis of related cartilage matrix proteins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3450672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T22:35:11Z","timestamp":1667514911000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["ECM-Mimicking Hydrogels Loaded with Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for the Treatment of Cartilage Defects"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Jiyun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genxiang","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shencai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weilu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongkun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital\/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0226-1066","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.12.015"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2018.05.005"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092496"},{"issue":"40","key":"4","first-page":"669","article-title":"Cartilage repair and joint preservation: medical and surgical treatment options","volume":"10","author":"H. Madry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"10","key":"5","first-page":"6275","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell related therapies for cartilage lesions and osteoarthritis","volume":"11","author":"R. Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16214","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15376-8","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes and microparticles protect cartilage and bone from degradation in osteoarthritis","volume":"7","author":"S. Cosenza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science Report"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202104758"},{"issue":"6082","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215157","article-title":"A stem cell-based approach to cartilage repair","volume":"336","author":"K. Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.02.002"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2019.04.004"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977"},{"issue":"8","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.56035","article-title":"Exosomes in atherosclerosis: performers, bystanders, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets","volume":"11","author":"C. Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"13","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes protect cartilage damage and relieve knee osteoarthritis pain in a rat model of osteoarthritis","volume":"11","author":"L. He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Research and Theropy"},{"issue":"11","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2016.07.006","article-title":"Injectable hydrogel-based drug delivery systems for local cancer therapy","volume":"21","author":"M. Norouzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Discovery Today"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.08.045"},{"issue":"5","key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-019-09893-4","article-title":"Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)-Based hydrogels for cell transplantation: an effective strategy for tissue engineering","volume":"15","author":"S. Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"18","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2021-0025","article-title":"Bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome-loaded injectable hydrogel for minimally invasive treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"J. Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomedicine (Lond)"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.09.010"},{"key":"19","article-title":"Exosomes-Loaded Electroconductive Hydrogel Synergistically Promotes Tissue Repair after Spinal Cord Injury via Immunoregulation and Enhancement of Myelinated Axon Growth","volume":"9","author":"L. Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advanced Science (Weinh)"},{"issue":"4","key":"20","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Panax notoginseng saponins prevent senescence and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the PI3KAKTmTOR pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes","volume":"45","author":"Y. Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.52570","article-title":"Engineering exosomes for targeted drug delivery","volume":"11","author":"Y. Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.04.010"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112131"},{"issue":"1","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.29766","article-title":"Engineering bioactive self-healing antibacterial exosomes hydrogel for promoting chronic diabetic wound healing and complete skin regeneration","volume":"9","author":"C. Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s249129"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s218120"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.02.002"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-020-0100-9"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201901827"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.11.025"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202101741"},{"issue":"9","key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.31017","article-title":"Desktop-stereolithography 3D printing of a radially oriented extracellular matrix\/mesenchymal stem cell exosome bioink for osteochondral defect regeneration","volume":"9","author":"P. Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.11.028"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2018.1526603"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051096"},{"issue":"5","key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2016.01.002","article-title":"Gelatin-methacryloyl hydrogels: towards biofabrication-based tissue repair","volume":"34","author":"B. J. Klotz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.02.043"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10081959"},{"issue":"9","key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.02.005","article-title":"Exosome-functionalized polyetheretherketone-based implant with immunomodulatory property for enhancing osseointegration","volume":"6","author":"L. Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.12.006"},{"issue":"5","key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.12.007","article-title":"The role of macrophages in osteoarthritis and cartilage repair","volume":"28","author":"C. L. Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"5","key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.01.007","article-title":"Macrophages regulate the progression of osteoarthritis","volume":"28","author":"H. Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-015-8720-7"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9896857","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"record-id":"55294"},{"DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9896857","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000}}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/3450672.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/3450672.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/3450672.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T22:35:33Z","timestamp":1667514933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/3450672\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["3450672","3450672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/3450672","relation":{"retraction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1155\/2023\/9896857","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1741-4288","1741-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]}}}