{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:07:49Z","timestamp":1792807669810,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":229,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sichuan Medical Association","award":["Q21049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q21049"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Medical Association","award":["21KJJH0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21KJJH0006"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Medical Association","award":["2020YJ0497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YJ0497"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Medical Association","award":["2019ZYZF0063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZYZF0063"]}]},{"name":"Ya\u2019an City Science and Technology Bureau","award":["Q21049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q21049"]}]},{"name":"Ya\u2019an City Science and Technology Bureau","award":["21KJJH0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21KJJH0006"]}]},{"name":"Ya\u2019an City Science and Technology Bureau","award":["2020YJ0497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YJ0497"]}]},{"name":"Ya\u2019an City Science and Technology Bureau","award":["2019ZYZF0063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZYZF0063"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["Q21049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q21049"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["21KJJH0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21KJJH0006"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["2020YJ0497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YJ0497"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["2019ZYZF0063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZYZF0063"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Central post\u2010stroke pain (CPSP) is a common condition. Several pharmacotherapies have been applied in practice. However, the comparative effectiveness among these pharmacotherapies is unknown. <jats:italic>Aim<\/jats:italic>. The aim of this study is to study the comparative effectiveness among differential pharmacotherapies for CPSP through a network meta\u2010analysis. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science from inception to 30 March 2022, without any language restriction. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias (RoB). The outcome of interest of the study was the change in the scores of pain intensity scales. We estimated standard mean differences (SMDs) between treatments and calculated corresponding 95% CIs. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Thirteen randomized controlled trials (529 participants) were included after a screen of 1774 articles. Compared with placebo, pamidronate (SMD \u20102.43, 95% CI \u20103.54 to \u20101.31; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2212 score = 0.93), prednisone (SMD \u20102.38, 95% CI \u20103.09 to \u20101.67; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2212 score = 0.92), levetiracetam (SMD \u20102.11, 95% CI \u20102.97 to \u20101.26; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2212 score = 0.87), lamotrigine (SMD \u20101.39, 95% CI \u20102.21 to \u20100.58; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2212 score = 0.73), etanercept (SMD \u20100.92, 95% CI \u20101.8 to \u20100.03; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2212 score = 0.59), and pregabalin (SMD \u20100.46, 95% CI \u20100.71 to \u20100.22; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2212 score = 0.41) had significantly better treatment effect. Pamidronate, prednisone, and levetiracetam ranked as the first three most effective treatments. In subgroup analyses, prednisone, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, and pregabalin were more effective than placebo as oral pharmacotherapies, while etanercept was more effective than placebo as injectable pharmacotherapy. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Our study confirmed that pamidronate, prednisone, and guideline\u2010recommended anticonvulsants were effective for reducing pain intensity for CPSP. Pamidronate and prednisone showed better effect than other pharmacotherapies, which warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3511385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T23:50:09Z","timestamp":1660866609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Pharmacotherapies for Central Post\u2010Stroke Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Bo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gu","family":"Gangfeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luo","family":"Xiaojing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luo","family":"Xiaolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huang","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Maoxia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7064-1194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wang","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70143-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-021-00791-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.010259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010853.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.671008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01388-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70251-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","first-page":"30","article-title":"Pamidronate effect compared with a steroid on complex regional pain syndrome type I: pilot randomised trial","volume":"74","author":"Eun Young H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Netherlands Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2016.19.565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2020.1709822"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20f13681"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","first-page":"700","article-title":"Interpreting estimates of treatment effects: implications for managed care++","volume":"33","author":"Faraone S. 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