{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:27:45Z","timestamp":1753885665310,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":312,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004828","name":"Grand Challenges Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0615-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0615-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004828","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic> Accurate, cost\u2010effective, and noninvasive alternative molecular methods are needed for detecting low malaria parasitemia. The currently\u2010used nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) requires blood as well as skilled personnel in order to minimise the risk of bloodborne disease transmission. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the accuracy of a noninvasive and more affordable malaria diagnosis with saliva using the loop\u2010mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. <jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in the Centre and Southwest regions of Cameroon. Matched blood and saliva samples collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic participants were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests, microscopy, PCR, and LAMP. Statistics were performed using R studio software at 95% confidence interval. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. A total of 100 participants (65% symptomatic and 35% asymptomatic) aged between 1 and 74 years with a balanced gender distribution ratio of 1.08 were included in our study. The prevalence of malaria was 61%, 57%, 59%, 42%, 35%, 17%, and 16% for blood\u2010RDT, blood\u2010PCR, blood\u2010LAMP, blood\u2010RT\u2010LAMP, saliva\u2010PCR, saliva\u2010RT\u2010LAMP, and saliva\u2010LAMP, respectively. Both saliva and blood showed a sensitivity of 43.90% and respective specificities of 68.75% and 57.62%. When using RT\u2010LAMP, sensitivities of 49.38% and 48.21% and specificities of 94.11% and 66.67% were recorded for saliva and blood, respectively. Sensitivities of 70.23% and 73.49% and specificities of 62.5% and 76.47% were recorded, respectively, for saliva\u2010LAMP and saliva\u2010RT\u2010LAMP when compared to saliva\u2010PCR as the gold standard. Saliva\u2010LAMP and saliva\u2010RT\u2010LAMP had a fair agreement (<jats:italic>\u043a<\/jats:italic> = 0.221 and 0.352, respectively) with saliva\u2010PCR. Homemade LAMP and RT\u2010LAMP technologies match the WHO recommendations and after proper validation in a larger sample size, could serve for malaria diagnosis in developing countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3600354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T22:20:07Z","timestamp":1668032407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Noninvasive Approach of <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i> Molecular Detection for Malaria Surveillance in Malaria Endemic Areas in Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2341-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palmer Masumbe","family":"Netongo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0183-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Severin Donald","family":"Kamdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ardin Noutong","family":"Ouayoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theophile Patrick","family":"Djiokeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie Wankio","family":"Toju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5040-6795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Berenger","family":"Tchoupe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prisca","family":"Djivida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Paul","family":"Chedjou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7348-741X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iren\u00e9e","family":"Domkam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3934-3233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilfred","family":"Mbacham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Malaria Treatment (United States) 2022 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/malaria\/diagnosis_treatment\/treatment.html."},{"volume-title":"Global technical strategy for malaria 2016\u20132030, adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2015","year":"2015","author":"WHO","key":"e_1_2_9_2_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61753-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30875\/1cee73f9-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30875\/65678d0b-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30875\/c5be4728-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2009.00709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00694.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.1.66-78.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90156-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90077-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.687"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.12.e63"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","first-page":"588","article-title":"Has oral fluid the potential to replace serum for the evaluation of population immunity levels? 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