{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T05:08:43Z","timestamp":1755839323047,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["98-3-101\u201345415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["98-3-101\u201345415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of curcumin doped poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (Cur-PLGA-Nps)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), as well as the probiotics on S. mutans in rats with fixed orthodontic appliances. Orthodontic appliances were ligated to the right maxillary of the rats. After the oral colonization of S. mutans, the rats were then treated in four groups including Cur-PLGA-Nps, light-emitting diode, Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT, and probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus). After that, the S. mutans counts and the gtfB gene expression of S. mutans were determined on days 4, 7, 15, and 30. Probiotic and Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT groups significantly reduced the count of S. mutans in a time-dependent manner (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). So, probiotics and Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT were able to reduce S. mutans more than other groups on the 30th day. Also, there was no considerable difference between Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT and probiotic groups in bacterial growth inhibition. The expression level of gtfB gene was significantly downregulated at all-time intervals after exposure to Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT compared with untreated bacteria (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>P<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.05<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). According to the results, simultaneous use of Cur-PLGA-Nps-mediated aPDT and probiotic therapeutic approaches can be suggested to increase effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3613345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T06:05:21Z","timestamp":1653026721000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Photoactivation of Curcumin Doped Poly-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid Nanoparticles in Rat Model with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9679-4516","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sara","family":"Ghorbanpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2772-8136","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maryam","family":"Pourhajibagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5716-0185","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Noroozian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9657-4890","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hassanali","family":"Ghaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5308-7208","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abbas","family":"Bahador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2008.03.006"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/073118-553.1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjz045"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5037\/jomr.2016.7201"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-016-0072-y"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjt095"},{"issue":"2","key":"7","first-page":"151","article-title":"A probiotic approach to caries management","volume":"28","author":"M. 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