{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T07:52:45Z","timestamp":1767167565559,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":219,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The purpose of this study is to investigate the exchange reaction taking place among the bovine serum albumin (BSA), 5,5\u2032\u2010dithiobis\u2010(2\u2010nitrobenzoic acid (ESSE), reduced glutathione, N\u2010acetylcysteine, D\u2010penicillamine (thiolates), and silver metal (Ag\n                    <jats:sup>I<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). For this purpose, stock solutions of BSA and Ellman\u2019s reagent were prepared by dissolving 264\u2009mg of BSA in 5\u2009ml of reaction buffer (0.1\u2009M KH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    at pH\u20097.8) and 23.8\u2009mg of ESSE in 1.0\u2009ml of reaction buffer which were mixed together. Mixture of BSA\u2010Ag\n                    <jats:sup>I<\/jats:sup>\n                    was prepared in a separate procedure by dissolving 0.17\u2009mg of silver nitrate in 1\u2009ml of reaction buffer and then dissolving BSA (200\u2009mg) in the same solution of silver nitrate. Blocking of Cys\u201034 of BSA with Ag\n                    <jats:sup>I<\/jats:sup>\n                    was confirmed by treating different dilutions of BSA\u2010Ag\n                    <jats:sup>I<\/jats:sup>\n                    (500\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M) solutions with the solutions of ESSE (85\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M) and ES\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                    (85\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M) and recording the spectra (300\u2010450) with a UV\u2010visible spectrophotometer. The chromatographed Ag\n                    <jats:sup>I<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010modified BSA ((BSA\u2010S)Ag\n                    <jats:sup>I<\/jats:sup>\n                    )) samples (typically 500\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M) were subsequently mixed with thiolates (reduced glutathione, N\u2010acetylcysteine, and D\u2010penicillamine). Ag\n                    <jats:sup>I<\/jats:sup>\n                    and modified BSA (typically 500\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M each) were treated with these low molecular weight thiolates and allowed to react overnight followed by chromatographic separation (Sephadex G25). The redox reactions of Ag\n                    <jats:sup>I<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010modified BSA with various low molecular weight thiols revealed a mechanically important phenomenon. In the case of reduced glutathione and N\u2010acetylcysteine, we observed the rapid release of a commensurate amount of Ellman\u2019s anion, indicating that an exchange has taken place and low molecular weight thiols (RSH) substituted Ag\n                    <jats:sup>I<\/jats:sup>\n                    species at the Cys\u201034 of BSA eventually forming disulfide (BSA\u2010SSR) at Cys\u201034. It can be anticipated from the phase of study involving bovine serum albumin that low molecular weight thiolates (reduced glutathione and N\u2010acetylcysteine) take off Ag\n                    <jats:sup>I<\/jats:sup>\n                    which are attached to proteins elsewhere in the physiological system, making these toxic metals free for toxic action.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3619308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T07:05:29Z","timestamp":1660028729000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["[Retracted] Glutathione, Cysteine, and D\u2010Penicillamine Role in Exchange of Silver Metal from the Albumin Metal Complex"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5597-5882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nahed S.","family":"Alharthi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9240-398X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haroon","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0318-6659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahad Jibran","family":"Siyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1625-5297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahid Ali","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5510-7444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shumaila Parveen","family":"Arain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9674-9133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lienda Bashier","family":"Eltayeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9358-7290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Altaf Ali","family":"Mangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","volume-title":"All About Albumin. 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