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Most patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) have extensive-stage (ES) disease with a poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has shown good therapeutic effects in the treatment of ES-SCLC. We performed a real-world retrospective study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy in patients with ES-SCLC. Method. A total of 224 patients diagnosed with ES-SCLC between March 2017 and April 2021 were included, of which 115 received only etoposide-platinum (EP) chemotherapy,and 109 received programmed cell-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and EP. Results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus platinum were associated with a significant improvement in overall survival (OS), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.60 (95% CI, 0.42\u20130.85;\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.0054<\/a:mn>\n                      <\/a:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ); median OS was 19 months in the ICIs plus EP group vs. 12\u2009months in the EP group. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.5 and 5.0 months, respectively (HR for disease progression or death, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.31\u20130.57;\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>P<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.0001<\/c:mn>\n                      <\/c:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). Male patients &lt;65 years old, Stage IV, PS 0-1, without liver and brain metastasis had a better OS in the ICIs plus EP group than the EP group. The PFS and OS in the durvalumab plus chemotherapy group were insignificantly longer than that of the atezolizumab plus chemotherapy group. Any adverse effects (AEs) of grade 3 or 4 occurred in 50 patients (45.9%) in the ICIs plus EP group and 48 patients (41.7%) in the EP alone group. The most common immune-related AEs (irAEs) were immune hypothyroidism events (17.1%, 7\/41), immune dermatitis (9.8%, 4\/41), and immune pneumonia (9.8%, 4\/41) in the durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide group. Immune liver insufficiency (10.3%, 7\/68) and immune hypothyroidism (8.8%, 6\/68) were the most common irAEs in the atezolizumab plus platinum-etoposide group. Conclusion. This study shows that adding PD-L1 inhibitors to chemotherapy can significantly improve PFS and OS in patients with ES-SCLC and demonstrates its safety without additional AEs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3645489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T01:35:05Z","timestamp":1664242505000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of PD-L1 Inhibitors plus Chemotherapy versus Chemotherapy Alone in First-Line Treatment of Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Real-World Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8079-4722","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jingjing","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China"},{"name":"The Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhin Shaheed","family":"Kalyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5820-6034","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China"},{"name":"The Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangdie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China"},{"name":"The Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianli","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0377-3469","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology Department, Hunan Cancer 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