{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:32:08Z","timestamp":1777609928871,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission","award":["2021KY715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021KY715"]}]},{"name":"Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission","award":["81870558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870558"]}]},{"name":"Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission","award":["LGC20H120001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGC20H120001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021KY715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021KY715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LGC20H120001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGC20H120001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021KY715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021KY715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LGC20H120001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGC20H120001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Preoperative eye-covering training for 3 hours has been reported to effectively reduce the incidence of emergence delirium (ED) in preschool children. However, most children can only maintain the eye being covered for less than 60\u2009min, and shortening eye-covering duration can also achieve similar clinical effects as long duration of eye-covering. This study was designed to compare the effects of 30-min and 60-min eye-covering pretreatment based on cartoon education only on preoperative anxiety, postoperative ED, and pain score after ophthalmic surgery with general anesthesia in preschool-aged children. Methods. Preschool-aged children (3\u20137 years) who were diagnosed with cataract, blepharoptosis, trichiasis, strabismus, eyelid tumor, and underwent ophthalmic surgery with general anesthesia from August 2021 to January 2022 were recruited. A total of 228 patients were randomly assigned at a 1\u2009:\u20091:1 ratio to receive 30-min eye covering (30-min group), 60-min eye covering (60-min group) pretreatment, or programmed education only (C group). The preoperative anxiety, postoperative emergence delirium, and pain were compared between the groups. Results. The preoperative anxiety score, postoperative ED score, and incidence of ED in the 30-min group (n\u2009=\u200976) and 60-min group (n\u2009=\u200972) were significantly lower than those in the C group (n\u2009=\u200976), demonstrating a significant between-group difference (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.001<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). However, the 30-min group and 60-min group had no significant difference in the abovementioned outcome measures (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>P<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&gt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.05<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Moreover, no significant difference was found in postoperative pain scores among the three groups (H\u2009=\u20090.274, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>P<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.872<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Conclusion. Both 30-min and 60-min eye-covering pretreatments significantly reduce preoperative anxiety and postoperative ED after ophthalmic surgery with general anesthesia in preschool-aged children. The effects of the two groups show no intergroup difference, but the 30-min eye-covering pretreatment may be more convenient for practicing. Trial Registration. This study was registered with the No. NCT04973150.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3656148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T21:50:30Z","timestamp":1663365030000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Different Durations of Eye-Covering Pretreatment on Emergence Delirium after Ophthalmic Surgery in Preschool-Aged Children: A Randomized Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1966-4440","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pei-Fang","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department of Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan-Ni","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department of Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Lian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department of Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shui-Hua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department of Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shao-Hong","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department of Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Tao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department of Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-017-0332-4"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew477"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-016-0201-5"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.03.033"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/eja.0000000000001270"},{"key":"6","first-page":"107","article-title":"Study on the effect of eye-covering pretreatment on acute delirium after general anesthesia in pre-school aged children","volume":"2","author":"P. F. Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000136471.36680.97"},{"key":"8","first-page":"59","article-title":"Effect of therapeutic play on perioperative period of children","volume":"23","author":"W. Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing"},{"key":"9","article-title":"Effects of different lengths of time for covering the eyes before the surgery on emergence delirium in preschool-aged children undergoing general anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery","volume":"37","author":"P. F. Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Science"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aog.0b013e3181d9d421"},{"key":"11","first-page":"101","article-title":"The validity and reliability of the Chinese version of nursing delirium screening scale","volume":"45","author":"W. Mei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Science"},{"key":"12","first-page":"17","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the modified Yale preoperative anxiety scale","volume":"25","author":"W. P. Mo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2009.00620.x"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/eja.0000000000000594"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13397"},{"key":"16","article-title":"Effects of monocular and binocular cataract surgery on restlessness in children after sevoflurane anesthesia","volume":"35","author":"H. W. Sheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Practical Medicine"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2021.110488"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000000839"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518781480"},{"key":"20","first-page":"86","article-title":"Study of peer operating room experience education video on alleviating preoperative anxiety of school-age children","volume":"10","author":"D. F. Weng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"21","article-title":"Efficacy of combination of toy and cartoon video-assisted admission in preventing agitation during recovery from general anesthesia in preschool children","volume":"37","author":"M. X. Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2012.06.002"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02568543.2016.1143416"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000531"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2016.06.009"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsx013"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tine.2015.01.001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/joph\/2022\/3656148.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/joph\/2022\/3656148.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/joph\/2022\/3656148.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T21:50:44Z","timestamp":1663365044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/joph\/2022\/3656148\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["3656148","3656148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/3656148","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-0058","2090-004X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-0058","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2090-004X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]}}}