{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T17:07:31Z","timestamp":1769188051804,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we propose a new and simple method for image encryption. It uses an external secret key of 128 bits long and an internal secret key. The novelties of the proposed encryption process are the methods used to extract an internal key to apply the zigzag process, affine transformation, and substitution\u2010diffusion process. Initially, an original gray\u2010scale image is converted into binary images. An internal secret key is extracted from binary images. The two keys are combined to compute the substitution\u2010diffusion keys. The zigzag process is firstly applied on each binary image. Using an external key, every zigzag binary image is reflected or rotated and a new gray\u2010scale image is reconstructed. The new image is divided into many nonoverlapping subblocks, and each subblock uses its own key to take out a substitution\u2010diffusion process. We tested our algorithms on many biomedical and nonmedical images. It is seen from evaluation metrics that the proposed image encryption scheme provides good statistical and diffusion properties and can resist many kinds of attacks. It is an efficient and secure scheme for real\u2010time encryption and transmission of biomedical images in telemedicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3865820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T12:20:27Z","timestamp":1641558027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Simple Image Encryption Based on Binary Image Affine Transformation and Zigzag Process"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5972-2444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e9la\u00efde Nicole","family":"Kengnou Telem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyrille","family":"Feudjio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balamurali","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilaire Bertrand","family":"Fotsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2993-7182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karthikeyan","family":"Rajagopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","first-page":"169","article-title":"Chaos Image Encryption Using Pixel Shuffling","author":"Prasad M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AnaneN. 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