{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T07:21:23Z","timestamp":1767165683596,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TURSP-2020\/38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/38"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) are multipurpose (transforming growth factor)TGF\u2010superfamily released cytokines. These glycoproteins, acting as disulfide\u2010linked homo\u2010 or heterodimers, are highly potent regulators of bone and cartilage production and repair, cell proliferation throughout embryonic development, and bone homeostasis in the adults. Due to the fact that genetic variation might influence structural functions, this study is aimed to determine the pathogenic effect of nonsynonymous single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in BMP genes. The implications of these variations, investigated using computational analysis and molecular models of the mature TGF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    domain, revealed the impact of modifications on the function of BMP protein. The three\u2010dimensional (3D) structure analysis was performed on the nsSNP Y316S, V386G, E387G, C389G, and C391G nsSNP in the TGF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    domain of chicken BMP2 and H344P, S347P, V357A nsSNP in the TGF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    domain of chicken BMP4 protein that was anticipated to be harmful and of high risk. The ability of the proteins to perform variety of tasks interact with other molecules depends on their tertiary structural composition. The current analysis revealed the four most damaging variants (Y316S, V386G, E387G, C389G, and C391G), highly conserved and functional and are located in the TGF\u2010beta domain of BMP2 and BMP4. The amino acid substitutions E387G, C389G, and C391G are discovered in the binding region. It was observed that the mutations in the TGF\u2010beta domain caused significant changes in its structural organization including the substrate binding sites. Current findings will assist future research focused on the role of these variants in BMP function loss and their role in skeletal disorders, and this will possibly help to develop practical strategies for treating bone\u2010related conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4013729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T19:05:10Z","timestamp":1656961510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["[Retracted] Computational Insights into the Structural and Functional Impacts of nsSNPs of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9206-2596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz Ishfaq","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabeel","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3191-3289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulnaz","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akhtar Rasool","family":"Asif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aziz","family":"ur Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Yousaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelmotaleb","family":"Elokil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayyed Aun","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Albogami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saqer S.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2014.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","volume-title":"Engineered Cartilage on Chitosan Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Osteochondral Defects","author":"Gottipati A.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8904-1_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856200744084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3184\/147020602783698421"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/jsrt.2018.04.00117"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0995-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115368"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2019.100207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","unstructured":"HuntleyR. The Regulation and Function of BMPs in Osteoclastogenesis 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","unstructured":"SekarA. HerrmannB. G. Role of BMPs on neuro-mesodermal axial progeniotors and mesodermal sublineage differentiation Doctoral dissertation Dept. of Developmental Genetics 2020 Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics Max Planck Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8090969"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-021-00635-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","volume-title":"BMP2-Derived Molecules for Increasing Osteoinductivity of Bone Grafts to Enhance","author":"Curry A. S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2014.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb9030024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.7.982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.11.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142905.hg0720s76"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2008.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth0410-248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-1-r19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv195"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046688"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx369"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl423"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25499"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn435"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijch.201200096"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104361"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5574789"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104754"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.2494"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku340"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4474"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/19.1.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10858-015-9969-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2019030785"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-548"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102827"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2017.1305466"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt447"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks966"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043939"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr101183k"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e05-01-0033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.387"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2019.1695977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20868"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Computational analysis of deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human Mut S homolog 6 (MSH6) gene","volume":"6","author":"Abdelraheem N. E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Bioinformatics Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.634615"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20938"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2016.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020355"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2019.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171355"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0490-308"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2021.108096"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9891352","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"record-id":"57392"},{"DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9891352","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000}}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2022\/4013729.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2022\/4013729.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2022\/4013729","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T15:47:06Z","timestamp":1735660026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2022\/4013729"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Shahid Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2022\/4013729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/4013729","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4013729"}}