{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:50:43Z","timestamp":1787017843633,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contrast Media &amp; Molecular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, countries across the world are suffering from a prominent viral infection called COVID\u201019. Most countries are still facing several issues due to this disease, which has resulted in several fatalities. The first COVID\u201019 wave caused devastation across the world owing to its virulence and led to a massive loss in human lives, impacting the country\u2019s economy drastically. A dangerous disease called mucormycosis was discovered worldwide during the second COVID\u201019 wave, in 2021, which lasted from April to July. The mucormycosis disease is commonly known as \u201cblack fungus,\u201d which belongs to the fungus family Mucorales. It is usually a rare disease, but the level of destruction caused by the disease is vast and unpredictable. This disease mainly targets people already suffering from other diseases and consuming heavy medication to counter the disease they are suffering from. This is because of the reduction in antibodies in the affected people. Therefore, the patient\u2019s body does not have the ability to act against fungus\u2010oriented infections. This black fungus is more commonly identified in patients with coronavirus disease in certain country. The condition frequently manifests on skin, but it can also harm organs such as eyes and brain. This study intends to design a modified neural network logic for an artificial intelligence (AI) strategy with learning principles, called a hybrid learning\u2010based neural network classifier (HLNNC). The proposed method is based on well\u2010known techniques such as convolutional neural network (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM). This article discusses a dataset containing several eye photographs of patients with and without black fungus infection. These images were collected from the real\u2010time records of people afflicted with COVID followed by the black fungus. This proposed HLNNC scheme identifies the black fungus disease based on the following image processing procedures: image acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification; these procedures were performed considering the dataset training and testing principles with proper performance analysis. The results of the procedure are provided in a graphical format with the precise specification, and the efficacy of the proposed method is established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4352730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T14:50:17Z","timestamp":1643295017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["A Novel Deep Learning\u2010Based Black Fungus Disease Identification Using Modified Hybrid Learning Methodology"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3539-1032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Karthikeyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3187-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Ramkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0941-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Aravindkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4781-9083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Tamilselvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8098-3662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7583-1456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Ranjith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"Symptoms and treatment strategy of black fungus in Covid-19 patients","volume":"5","author":"Kameshwaran S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4066\/biomedicalresearch.29-18-886"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","unstructured":"2021 https:\/\/dr-paul-griffin.business.site\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","first-page":"2117","article-title":"Skin lesion detection based on fuzzy logic","volume":"8","author":"Shifani A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","unstructured":"2021 https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/health\/2021-05-10\/covid-19-explainer-india-black-fungus-mucormycosis\/100127850."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jctn.2020.8841"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","unstructured":"2020 https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/mucormycosis-in-covid-patients-fungal-infections-7308721\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.01.246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","unstructured":"2021 https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/5\/13\/what-is-black-fungus-infection-found-in-indias-covid-patients."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","unstructured":"2019 https:\/\/www.mcezone.com\/black-fungus-in-eyes-black-fungus-eye-will-not-be-removed-if-you-will-recognize-these-5-dangerous-symptoms-of-black-fungus\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","unstructured":"2021 https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/black-fungus-infection-coronavirus-india.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","unstructured":"2020 https:\/\/www.medicinenet.com\/mucormycosis\/article.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.07.08.21260188"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RamkumarG.andLogashanmugamE. 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