{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T07:21:23Z","timestamp":1767165683942,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660089600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xiangbei Welman Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd","award":["51703181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51703181"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51703181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51703181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Objective. To analyze the in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of lysozyme (LYS) and its combination with various drugs against Gram-positive bacteria (GPB,\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>n<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>9<\/a:mn>\n                      <\/a:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ), thus to provide an exploration direction for drug development. Methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of linezolid (LZD), amikacin (AMK), ceftriaxone\/sulbactam (CRO\/SBT), cefotaxime\/sulbactam (CTX\/SBT), piperacillin\/sulbactam (PIP\/SBT), doxycycline (DOX), levofloxacin (LVX), amoxicillin\/clavulanate potassium (7\u2009:\u20091, AK71), imipenem (IPM), azithromycin (AZM), and their combinations with LYS were determined with tuber twice dilution. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of LYS, AZM, LVX, and their combinations with others were evaluated through MTT and crystal violet assay. Results. High-dose LYS (30\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) combined with PIP\/SBT and AK71, respectively, showed synergistic antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), while it showed no synergistic activities when combined with other drugs. LYS and AZM inhibited the biofilm formation of one MRSA strain, but they and LVX had no similar activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF). Particularly, LYS increased the permeability of biofilms of MRSA 33 and exhibited antibiofilm activities against MRSA 31 (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mtext>inhibition<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mtext>\u2009<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mtext>rate<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>38.1<\/c:mn>\n                        <c:mi>%<\/c:mi>\n                      <\/c:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) and MRSE 61 (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mtext>inhibition<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mtext>\u2009<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mtext>rate<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>46.6<\/e:mn>\n                        <e:mi>%<\/e:mi>\n                      <\/e:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). The combinations of PIP\/SBT+LYS, AMK+LYS, and LZD+LYS showed stronger antibiofilm activities against MRSA 62, MRSE 62, MRSE 63, and VREF 11. Conclusion. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of LYS against MRSA were better than AZM, while that of LYS against MRSE and VREF, respectively, was similar with AZM and LVX.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4559982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T19:50:14Z","timestamp":1660161014000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Lysozyme against Gram-Positive Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Jiangbei District, Chongqing 400020, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyou","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3875-0694","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haibo","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2431-1968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianguo","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Jiangbei District, Chongqing 400020, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-017-2678-y"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.08.107"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.13094"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S2059798321010950"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pep.2020.105745"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-018-2184-2"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.10.003"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7624857"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S311229"},{"issue":"2","key":"10","first-page":"89","article-title":"Role of antigen-43 on biofilm formation and horizontal antibiotic resistance gene transfer in non-O157 Shiga toxin producing Escherichia colistrains","volume":"9","author":"R. 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