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However, due to the emergence and spread of multidrug and single drug resistance mechanisms in H. pylori, as well as serious side effects of currently used antibiotic interventions, achieving successful H. pylori eradication has become exceedingly difficult. Recent studies expressed the intention of seeking novel strategies to improve H. pylori management and reduce the risk of H. pylori-associated intestinal and extragastrointestinal disorders. For which, vitamin supplementation has been demonstrated in many studies to have a tight interaction with H. pylori infection, either directly through the regulation of the host inflammatory pathways or indirectly by promoting the host immune response. On the other hand, H. pylori infection is reported to result in micronutrient malabsorption or deficiency. Furthermore, serum levels of particular micronutrients, especially vitamin D, are inversely correlated to the risk of H. pylori infection and eradication failure. Accordingly, vitamin supplementation might increase the efficiency of H. pylori eradication and reduce the risk of drug-related adverse effects. Therefore, this review aims at highlighting the regulatory role of micronutrients in H. pylori-induced host immune response and their potential capacity, as intrinsic antioxidants, for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. We also discuss the uncovered mechanisms underlying the molecular and serological interactions between micronutrients and H. pylori infection to present a perspective for innovative in vitro investigations, as well as novel clinical implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4713684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T23:39:24Z","timestamp":1647473964000},"page":"1-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Effects of Vitamins and Micronutrients on Helicobacter pylori Pathogenicity, Survival, and Eradication: A Crosstalk between Micronutrients and Immune System"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7799-9404","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Nabavi-Rad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7388-1935","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahsa","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8368-9226","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaghayegh","family":"Jamshidizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid Asadzadeh","family":"Aghdaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2135-7581","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abbas","family":"Yadegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Zali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12386"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8020044"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176451"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.02.017"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1941"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8112004"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-016-0509-x"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319954"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322557"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316592"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315629"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.192757"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i36.12809"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12535"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1213"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2015.01.004"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-021-00389-4"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101317","article-title":"Immunoglobulin responses at the mucosal interface","volume":"29","author":"A. 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