{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T06:22:29Z","timestamp":1779171749756,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":175,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Keeping in mind the ascribed repute of <jats:italic>Diospyros malabarica<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>D. malabarica<\/jats:italic>), this investigation was commenced to assess the effect of diverse solvents on extraction yields, phytochemical components and antioxidant capability, and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> biological activities of <jats:italic>D. malabarica<\/jats:italic> for pharmaceutically active constituents to combat various infections. To screen phytochemicals both qualitatively (flavonoids, terpenoid, saponins, tannins) and quantitatively like total phenolic and flavonoid contents, <jats:italic>Diospyros malabarica<\/jats:italic> parts include the following: root, leaves, bark, stem, ripe, and unripe fruit were sequentially extracted with organic solvents such as petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and water in increasing order of polarity from less polar to more polar solvents. Furthermore, biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti\u2010inflammatory were explored. The results revealed that all the tested solvents displayed a vital role in the extraction yield, the content of phytochemicals, and the studied biological activities. Methanol was found as the best solvent followed by the ethanol for the extraction, representing the highest extraction yield (18.3%), rich diversity of phytochemicals, and the highest total phenolic contents (602 \u00b1 0.001\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g EAG\/mg of extract) and total flavonoid contents (455 \u00b1 0.6\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g EQ\/mg of extract) in bark extract. Furthermore, methanol bark extract showed high <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> antibacterial activity (30.25\u2009mm \u00b1 0.9), antifungal activity (18.25\u2009mm \u00b1 0.2), anticancer activity (48%), antidiabetic activity (68%) and anti\u2010inflammatory activity (62%) followed by ethanol amongst other extracts of <jats:italic>D. malabarica<\/jats:italic>. Accordingly, methanol might be as an ideal solvent to get maximum content of phytochemicals, promising antioxidants, and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> biological activities from bark extract amongst other extracts of <jats:italic>D. malabarica<\/jats:italic> compared to pet ether, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane and may act as free radical rummager because phytochemical constituents exhibit antioxidant capability. Our findings suggest that phytochemical compounds (flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, and terpenoids) found in the bark extract of <jats:italic>D. malabarica<\/jats:italic> may be attributed to evaluate potent anti\u2010inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4746223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T00:20:06Z","timestamp":1656202806000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A Comparative Study of <i>Diospyros malabarica<\/i> (Gaub) Extracts in Various Polarity\u2010Dependent Solvents for Evaluation of Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2281-1472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohra","family":"Zreen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1108-5869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amjad","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5229-6216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shumaila","family":"Kiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahir","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5596-9703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Suleiman","family":"Zaroog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3782768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7123521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/616858"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","first-page":"98","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and extraction: a review","volume":"1","author":"Tiwari P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.610194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-4501-6_183-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12980\/APJTB.4.2014C1030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(11)60126-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X19666210524152817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","first-page":"154","article-title":"Assessment of total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of methanolic rhizome extract of three Hedychium species of Manipur valley","volume":"30","author":"Bag G. C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14030529"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/d14040262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","first-page":"199","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Diospyros malabarica Kostel","volume":"5","author":"Sarmah P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18805\/ijar.b-1170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nephroprotective effect of persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki Lf) against CCl4-induced renal toxicity in Swiss Albino rats","author":"Shahat A. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-018-0177-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","first-page":"178","article-title":"Traditional medicinal plants curing diabetes: a promise for today and tomorrow","volume":"7","author":"Kumar S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2022.114695"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3742\/OPEM.2007.7.3.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jsr.v3i2.6787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","first-page":"299","article-title":"Study of antiurolithiatic activity of Diospyros malabarica (Desr) Kostel on rats","volume":"6","author":"Purane L. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacophore"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-022-00809-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2017.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60232-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Study on yield of plant extracts using different solvents and methods","volume":"7","author":"Gahlot M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42690-019-00088-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/abb.2017.87016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR2018.6579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-019-0114-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psra.2016.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines6040107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8686"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5425485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1452-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1622-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","first-page":"745","article-title":"Invitro antifungal activity of various extracts of leaf and stem parts of Solena amplexicaulis (lam.) Gandhi","volume":"5","author":"Moorthy K. K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-005-0025-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s2175-97902019000417129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/ijper.50.1.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-022-02082-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles and investigation of its anti-microbial properties","volume":"4","author":"Alao I. I.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advanced Journal of Chemistry-Section B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Herbal antibiotics: moving back into the mainstream as an alternative for superbugs","volume":"62","author":"Sharifi-Rad J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5264943"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.01.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/abb.2019.1012031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_2","first-page":"3012","article-title":"Investigation of free radical scavenging and immunomodulatory activity of Anethum graveolens (Sowa)","volume":"39","author":"Riaz H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxidation Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6814901"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00911"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263917"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-84126-3_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"A review of phytochemical and biological studies of Diospyros malabarica","volume":"2","author":"Kaushik V.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0873-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_2","first-page":"1539","article-title":"Anti-diabetic activity of aqueous extract of Ipomoea batatas L. in alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats and its effects on biochemical parameters in diabetic rats","volume":"31","author":"Kamal S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11111555"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-018-0091-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR12.1263"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2021.100894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules201119706"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2114-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36108\/jbt\/2202.10.0130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_2","first-page":"92","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata wall","volume":"1","author":"Hosamani P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Science Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"Mineral profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of gemm Foeniculum vulgare","volume":"8","author":"Kamal S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Biotica"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2022\/4746223.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2022\/4746223.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2022\/4746223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T20:19:45Z","timestamp":1735676385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2022\/4746223"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Riaz","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2022\/4746223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/4746223","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4746223"}}