{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T07:25:58Z","timestamp":1767597958072,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008349","name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014837","name":"Rudolf Ackermann Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is an immune checkpoint molecule with a complex network of interactions with several inhibitory receptors. Although the effect of HLA-G on T cells and NK cells is well studied, the effect of HLA-G on B cells is still largely elusive. B cells are of particular interest in the context of the HLA-G-ILT-2 interaction because the ILT-2 receptor is constitutively expressed on most B cells, whereas it is only present on some subsets of T and NK cells. To characterize the effect of HLA-G5 molecules on B cells, we studied splenic B cells derived from cytomegalovirus (CMV) sero-positive donors after CMV stimulation with antigens in the presence and absence of soluble HLA-G5. In the presence of HLA-G5, increased expression of the ITIM-bearing Ig-like transcript (ILT-2) was observed on B cells, but its expression was not affected by stimulation with CMV antigens. Moreover, it became evident that HLA-G5 exposure resulted in a decreased expression of CD27 and CD38 and, accordingly, in lower proportions of CD19+CD27+CD38+ and higher proportions of CD19+CD27-CD38- B cells. Taken together, our in vitro findings demonstrate that soluble HLA-G5 suppresses markers of B cell activation, suggesting that HLA-G5 has an impact on splenic B cell differentiation and activation. Based on these results, further investigation regarding the role of HLA-G as a prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic agent with respect to B cell function appears reasonable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4829227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T07:35:41Z","timestamp":1652427341000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of HLA-G5 Immune Checkpoint Molecule on the Expression of ILT-2, CD27, and CD38 in Splenic B cells"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Hana","family":"Rohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases. West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen., Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cordula","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen., Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen., Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9642-1154","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Falko M.","family":"Heinemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen., Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3659-3541","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mirko","family":"Trilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen., Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"G\u00e4ckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen., Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Witzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases. West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen., Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen., Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4660-3870","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vera","family":"Rebmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen., Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.11.005"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-3697"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2015.04.001"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/297073"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008941"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.11.1809"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.7.1093"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.65.6.841"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1431057100"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.7.3742"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-12-127662"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4326495"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.24.9145"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2326636"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.8.4510"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2007.06.010"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02164"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.12.6426"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)02007-5"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/088282404322875520"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02386-2"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02046"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90130-2"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01178"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/734068"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2018.08.003"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00009"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112338"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00592"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.817132"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2019.09.011"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-08-3335"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.62"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-416792"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/102453309X385197"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.15"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.095281"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2007.06.011"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300438"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-09-243493"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2656"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.2001.580403.x"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.1.173"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(00)01605-4"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-08-107714"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092864"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.56.3.236"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2011.11.010"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83286-0"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001081"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1997.tb02703.x"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2015.02.001"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.03.016"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01417.x"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181ca88d5"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-NB2020-077"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2021.01.004"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-1617fje"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03814-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318238dab3","article-title":"Valganciclovir prophylaxis versus preemptive therapy in cytomegalovirus-positive renal allograft recipients: 1-year results of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"93","author":"O. Witzke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.9.5629"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0610351"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/80877"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:21:1:23"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.7.4034"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.549"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010228"}],"container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2022\/4829227.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2022\/4829227.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2022\/4829227.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T07:35:47Z","timestamp":1652427347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2022\/4829227\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Baohui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["4829227","4829227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/4829227","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-7156","2314-8861"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2314-7156"},{"type":"print","value":"2314-8861"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]}}}