{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:17:33Z","timestamp":1790371053973,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":105,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971642"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7192041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7192041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7214226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7214226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XTZD20180202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XTZD20180202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFC0122000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC0122000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contrast Media &amp; Molecular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, potentially fatal illness, which can be divided into primary HLH (pHLH) and secondary HLH (sHLH). pHLH can be driven by genetic defections. Moreover, the sHLH is usually be triggered by malignancy or non\u2010malignancy diseases. Sixty\u2010two newly diagnosed sHLH patients with known etiology and those who underwent <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010FDG PET\/CT examination from July 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into malignancy\u2010associated HLH (M\u2010HLH, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913) and non\u2010malignancy\u2010associated HLH (NM\u2010HLH, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200949). The metabolic parameters of the liver (Li), spleen (Sp), bone marrow (BM), lymph nodes (LN), and their ratios to the liver background (LiBG) and mediastinum (M) were compared between two groups. These metabolic parameters were evaluated for correlation with laboratory parameters and prognostic parameters. We found that the SUV<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\u2010LN\/Sp\/Li and SUV<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\u2010Sp in M\u2010HLH were significantly higher than those in NM\u2010HLH (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.031, 0.035, 0.016, \u2009and\u20090.032). The malignant disease should be considered when SUVmax\u2010LN was higher than 4.41 (sensitivity 61.5%, specificity 81.6%). Hypermetabolic lesions in extranodal organs were more likely to occur in M\u2010HLH than in NM\u2010HLH (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.011). IFN\u2010 <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> was positively correlated with SUVmax\u2010BM\/Li\/Sp and SUVmean\u2010BM\/Li\/Sp (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Ferritin, sCD25, IL\u20106, and IL\u201010 were positively correlated with SUVmax\u2010Sp and SUVmean\u2010Sp (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In Epstein\u2013Barr virus\u2010associated HLH (EBV\u2010HLH), the SUV parameters of bone marrow were significantly correlated with a poor 2\u2010week treatment response, overall survival, and event\u2010free survival (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). We conclude that some <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010FDG PET\/CT metabolic parameters can help identify the etiology of sHLH in children and provide directions for further inspection. The malignant disease should be considered when the SUVmax\u2010LN is higher than 4.41 and hypermetabolic lesions occur in extranodal organs. In EBV\u2010HLH, a higher SUV of bone marrow is associated with a poorer prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4849081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T21:05:07Z","timestamp":1650143107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<sup>18<\/sup>F\u2010FDG PET\/CT for Identifying the Potential Primary Diseases and Predicting Prognosis of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Children"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7046-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2574-2281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xia","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyun","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3727-1192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6489-7780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jigang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1355-0661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020117-043625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26264"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-015-2094-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24188"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12399"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-018-02572-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338211024655"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000936"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/rlu.0000000000002649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mnm.0b013e3283595cac"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2015.1048442"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","first-page":"124","article-title":"Augmented 18F-FDG uptake in activated monocytes occurs during the priming process and involves tyrosine kinases and protein kinase C","volume":"45","author":"Paik J. 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