{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T13:17:31Z","timestamp":1761311851040,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (PA), a Gram\u2010negative bacterium, has a high detection rate in hospital\u2010acquired infections. Recently, the frequent appearance of multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) PA strain with high morbidity and mortality rates has aggravated the difficulty in treating infectious diseases. Due to its multiple resistance mechanisms, the commonly used antibiotics have gradually become less effective. Qiguiyin decoction (QGYD) is a clinically experienced prescription of Chinese herbal medicine, and its combined application with antibiotics has been confirmed to be effective in the clinical treatment of MDR PA infection, which could be a promising strategy for the treatment of drug\u2010resistant bacterial infections. However, the mechanism of QGYD restoring antibiotics susceptibility to MDR PA remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of QGYD and levofloxacin (LEV) singly or in combination on MDR PA\u2010induced pneumonia rat models. Further analysis was carried out in the serum differential expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines by cytokine antibody array. Besides, the lung TLR4\/MyD88\/NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B signaling pathway was detected by RT\u2010qPCR. Our results showed that based on the treatment of MDR PA\u2010infected rat model with LEV, the combination of QGYD improved the general state and immune organ index. Furthermore, it moderately increased the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines including IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL\u20106, and TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> in the early stage of infection and decreased their release rapidly in the later stage, while regulated the same phase change of anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine IL\u201010. In addition, the adhesion molecule ICAM\u20101 was significantly downregulated after QGYD combined with LEV treatment. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of TLR4, MyD88, NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B, and ICAM\u20101 were significantly downregulated. These results indicated that the mechanism of QGYD restoring LEV susceptibility to MDR PA was related to its regulation of inflammatory cytokines and the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B signaling pathway, which provides theoretical support for the clinical application of QGYD combined with LEV therapy to MDR PA infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5066434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T01:05:07Z","timestamp":1642122307000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Qiguiyin Decoction Improves Multidrug\u2010Resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> Infection in Rats by Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines and the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF\u2010<i>\u03ba<\/i>B Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4888-1786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guochao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0565-2003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanqiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5451-4355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingbo","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7815-1357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5990-1896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7703-0764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2339-9742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7933-2328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2706-9051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/j:issn:0376-2491.2003.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3321\/j.issn:1009-7708.2006.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2017.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13699\/j.cnki.1001-6821.2019.19.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13699\/j.cnki.1001-6821.2017.23.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00144-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2019.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122586"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-020-00307-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Discussion on anti-infective mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine","author":"Wei Z. 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