{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T21:01:19Z","timestamp":1774040479433,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lenvatinib, an oral small-molecule multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been approved for first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Proteinuria is one of the most common adverse events associated with lenvatinib treatment. We reported a 67-year-old Thai female was diagnosed with NASH cirrhosis and HCC BCLC B with TACE refractoriness. She received 8\u2009mg of lenvatinib for 2 weeks and began to experience worsening hypertension, bilateral pleural effusion, pedal edema, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and proteinuria. After exclusion of all possible causes, lenvatinib-induced nephrotic syndrome (NS) was diagnosed. One week after discontinuing the drug, her symptoms gradually improved. To date, there have been only a handful of reported cases of lenvatinib-induced nephrotoxicity. We report herein the case of lenvatinib-induced NS in a cirrhotic patient with HCC with resolution of symptoms in a short period after drug discontinuation. In addition, we reviewed all reported cases of lenvatinib-induced nephrotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5101856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T22:35:25Z","timestamp":1662417325000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nephrotic Syndrome Induced by Lenvatinib Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1012-9874","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thaninee","family":"Prasoppokakorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2333-1702","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kessarin","family":"Thanapirom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6459-8329","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sombat","family":"Treeprasertsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01116-x","article-title":"Lenvatinib: a review in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"79","author":"Z. T. Al-Salama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2020.188391","article-title":"Lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma: from preclinical mechanisms to anti-cancer therapy","volume":"1874","author":"Y. Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)\u2014Reviews on Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.019","article-title":"Electronic address eee, European association for the study of the L. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"69","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29913","article-title":"Diagnosis, staging, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2018 practice guidance by the American association for the study of liver diseases","volume":"68","author":"J. A. Marrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-017-9799-9","article-title":"Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update","volume":"11","author":"M. Omata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"10126","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30207-1","article-title":"Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial","volume":"391","author":"M. Kudo","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1517","article-title":"Lenvatinib inhibits angiogenesis and tumor fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma models","volume":"7","author":"M. Matsuki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1159\/000494080","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathy with severe proteinuria induced by lenvatinib for radioactive iodine-refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Y. Hyogo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Reports in Oncology"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03114-5","article-title":"Lenvatinib-related renal microangiopathy: a case series","volume":"480","author":"M. Delsante","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virchows Archiv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2009.11.001","article-title":"VEGF signalling inhibition-induced proteinuria: mechanisms, significance and management","volume":"46","author":"H. Izzedine","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0b013e3283161012","article-title":"Hypertension and proteinuria: a class-effect of antiangiogenic therapies","volume":"20","author":"V. Launay-Vacher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anti-Cancer Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v11.i4.190","article-title":"Nephrotoxicity in cancer treatment: an overview","volume":"11","author":"M. L. C. Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"issue":"7","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1406470","article-title":"Lenvatinib versus placebo in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer","volume":"372","author":"M. Schlumberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1233-5","article-title":"Incidence and timing of common adverse events in Lenvatinib-treated patients from the SELECT trial and their association with survival outcomes","volume":"56","author":"R. I. Haddad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"3","key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18030625","article-title":"The adverse effect of hypertension in the treatment of thyroid cancer with multi-kinase inhibitors","volume":"18","author":"O. V. Ancker","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-1074-3","article-title":"Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis lesion associated with inhibition of tyrosine kinases by lenvatinib: a case report","volume":"19","author":"Y. Furuto","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Nephrology"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2019.05.004","article-title":"Management of adverse events associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: improving outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"77","author":"L. Rimassa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Treatment Reviews"},{"key":"18","volume-title":"Lentima (Lenvatinib) Prescribing Information","author":"E. Inc","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2018.11.004","article-title":"Managing the adverse events associated with lenvatinib therapy in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer","volume":"46","author":"M. E. Cabanillas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Seminars in Oncology"},{"key":"20","article-title":"Cancer therapy evaluation program, common Terminology Criteria for adverse events","author":"N. Dctd","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08622-w","article-title":"Impact of lenvatinib on renal function: long-term analysis of differentiated thyroid cancer patients","volume":"21","author":"C. Masaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2018.1461839","article-title":"Lenvatinib-induced renal failure: two first-time case reports and review of literature","volume":"14","author":"S. Cavalieri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6927639","article-title":"A case of lenvatinib-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in metastatic medullary thyroid cancer","volume":"2018","author":"K. Fleming","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Reports in Oncological Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1159\/000491387","article-title":"Anti VEGF-TKI treatment and new renal adverse events not reported in phase III trials","volume":"7","author":"L. Paschke","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Thyroid Journal"},{"issue":"20","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v8.i20.4883","article-title":"Improvement of lenvatinib-induced nephrotic syndrome after adaptation to sorafenib in thyroid cancer: a case report","volume":"8","author":"H. Che","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Journal of Clinical Cases"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crihep\/2022\/5101856.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crihep\/2022\/5101856.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crihep\/2022\/5101856.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T22:35:51Z","timestamp":1662417351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/crihep\/2022\/5101856\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sorabh","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["5101856","5101856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/5101856","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6595","2090-6587"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-6595","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2090-6587","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]}}}