{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:39:13Z","timestamp":1787503153344,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":70,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004054","name":"King Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D-049-130-1443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D-049-130-1443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease, as the World Health Organization classified it in the second category after malaria. World Health Organization approved praziquantel (PZQ) as the only chemotherapy to treat schistosomiasis. Over the years, some problems have arisen with PZQ, as it showed poor efficacy in the early stages of infection as well as the emergence of some resistance to it. In searching for new alternative drugs to treat schistosomiasis, the researchers intensified their efforts to find a new drug. The present study focuses on evaluating the effect of three plant extracts\n                    <jats:italic>Artemisia annua<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Nigella sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Allium sativum<\/jats:italic>\n                    at different doses of 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, and, 500\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/ml;\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    study was accomplished on the\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    adult worms. The results declared that the concentration of 500, 250, and 125 of\n                    <jats:italic>Artemisia annua<\/jats:italic>\n                    was more effective on adult worms, and the same concentrations of\n                    <jats:italic>Nigella sativa and Allium sativum<\/jats:italic>\n                    gave less effect on the adult worms than the previous plant.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    study was accomplished on the hamster\u2019s tissue after exposing it to doses of the plants\u2019 extracts with different concentrations; it showed the presence of calcifications and damage to the worm eggs in the liver and spleen, as well as reducing the size of granulomas. After conducting many confirmatory studies\n                    <jats:italic>Artemisia annua<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract can be used as an effective and safe treatment for\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5172287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T12:50:05Z","timestamp":1647089405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of Antischistosomal Activities of Crude Aqueous Extracts of\n                    <i>Artemisia annua<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>Nigella sativa<\/i>\n                    , and\n                    <i>Allium sativum<\/i>\n                    against\n                    <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>\n                    in Hamsters"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2638-624X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousef Abdal Jalil","family":"Fadladdin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1261139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","unstructured":"WHO Schistosomiasis 2020 July 2020 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/schistosomiasis."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5545331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2012.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30535-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2013.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","first-page":"333","volume-title":"Current Topics in Tropical Medicine","author":"de Moraes J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","first-page":"621","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Sida acuta on microorganisms from skin infections","volume":"3","author":"Ekpo M. 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