{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T01:52:12Z","timestamp":1783821132593,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anesthesiology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Dental anxiety in children is a common problem. Currently, many of dental procedures are performed under sedation. Different methods of sedation have been employed for this purpose. Compared to adults, children usually need a deeper sedation level. The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the efficacy and complication of deep sedation in pediatric dental patients. Method. This study was performed on 250 ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I, II children undergoing deep sedation during the dental procedures. After the administration of oral midazolam as premedication, the monitoring process started. The patients that received the sedation dose of propofol and oxygen through nasal cannula during the procedure were carefully monitored for the purpose of evaluating hemodynamic and respiratory complications. The mean procedure and recovery time, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and success rate were further studied. Result. The average age of the patients was 3.7. 32% of the patients were females, and 68% of them were males. Laryngospasm that occurred in 5 cases was resolved immediately by using positive pressure ventilation. Mild hypoxia was observed in 17 cases which were immediately managed by a bag-valve-mask ventilation. No cases of hemodynamic complications and PONV were reported. The mean length of the procedure was 57 minutes, and the mean length of recovery was 16 minutes. The success rate of this method was estimated to be 99.6%. Conclusion. Deep sedation with propofol is a suitable technique with a high success rate for dental procedures in children. It was also concluded that in pediatric dental procedures, the presence of a skilled anesthetist and the implementation of a close monitoring process are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5259283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T22:20:19Z","timestamp":1655936419000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Efficacy and Complications of Deep Sedation in Pediatric Dental Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2447-7298","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyed Sajad","family":"Razavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0620-3741","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bita","family":"Malekianzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.171458","article-title":"Conscious sedation: emerging trends in pediatric dentistry","volume":"11","author":"J. P. Attri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesthesia, Essays and Researches"},{"key":"2","volume-title":"Pediatric Sedation Outside of the Operating Room","author":"M. Rosenberg","year":"2021"},{"key":"3","article-title":"Ethics rounds: death after pediatric dental anesthesia: an avoidable tragedy?","author":"H. Lee","year":"2017"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2147\/CCIDE.S64250","article-title":"Pediatric dental sedation: challenges and opportunities.Clinical","volume":"7","author":"T. M. Nelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry"},{"key":"5","article-title":"Practice Guidelines for Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia 2018:report by the american society of anesthesiologists task force on moderate procedural sedation and analgesia, the american association of oral and maxillofacial surgeons, american college of radiology, american dental association, american society of dentist anesthesiologists, and society of interventional radiology","year":"2018"},{"key":"6","article-title":"The use of general anesthesia in pediatric dental care of children at multi-dental centers in Saudi Arabia","author":"R. Ba\u2019akdah","year":"2008"},{"key":"7","first-page":"1098","article-title":"Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients before, during, and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures","volume":"8","author":"S. Cot\u00e9 Cj Fau - Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hong Kong Medical Journal"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12472","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of propofol administered by paediatricians during procedural sedation in children","volume":"103","author":"A. Chiaretti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2566-0","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of deep sedation by non-anesthesiologists for cardiac mri in children","volume":"43","author":"R. Jain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-354X.87270","article-title":"Procedural sedation: a review of sedative agents, monitoring, and management of complications","volume":"5","author":"J. D. Tobias","year":"2011","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"11","article-title":"Trends in death associated with pediatric dental sedation and general anesthesia","volume":"23","author":"H. H. Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Paediatric anaesthesia"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17796\/1053-4628-40.2.156","article-title":"Deep sedation for pediatric dental procedures: is this a safe and effective option?","volume":"40","author":"S. S. Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry"},{"key":"13","article-title":"Deep sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy: propofol-fentanyl and midazolam-fentanyl regimens","volume":"19","author":"M. E. Lera dos Santos","year":"2013","journal-title":"World journal of gastroenterology"},{"key":"14","article-title":"Depth of consciousness and deep sedation attained in children as administered by nonanaesthesiologists in a children's hospital","volume":"14","author":"D. Motas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"15","article-title":"Incidence and nature of adverse events during pediatric sedation\/anesthesia for procedures outside the operating room: report from the pediatric sedation research consortium","volume":"118","author":"J. P. Cravero","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Anesthesia Research Society"},{"key":"16","article-title":"Distraction as a technique to control pain in pediatric patients during venipuncture a narrative review of literature","volume":"68","author":"C. Vetri Buratti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Professioni Infermieristiche"},{"key":"17","article-title":"Guideline on use of anesthesia personnel in the administration of office-based deep sedation\/general anesthesia to the pediatric dental patient","volume":"34","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatric dentistry"},{"key":"18","article-title":"The use of office-based sedation and general anesthesia by board certified pediatric dentists practicing in the united states","volume":"59","author":"N. F. Olabi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesia Progress"},{"key":"19","article-title":"impact of office-based intravenous deep sedation providers upon traditional sedation practices employed in pediatric dentistry","volume":"34","author":"M. Tarver","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Academy of Pedodontics"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ebd.6400873","article-title":"Weak evidence that oral midazolam is an effective sedative agent for children undergoing dental treatment","volume":"13","author":"R. Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evidence-based dentistry"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17796\/1053-4628-41.3.232","article-title":"Post-discharge events occurring after dental treatment under deep sedation in pediatric patients","volume":"41","author":"E. Davidovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry"},{"key":"22","article-title":"Children sedated for dental care: a pilot study of the 24-hour postsedation period","volume":"28","author":"D. Martinez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatric Dentistry"},{"key":"23","article-title":"A comparison of sedation-related events for two multiagent oral sedation regimens in pediatric dental patients","volume":"36","author":"L. McCormack","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Academy of Pedodontics"},{"key":"24","article-title":"Post-sedation events in children sedated for dental care","volume":"60","author":"P. Ritwik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nesthesia Progress"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41432-019-0032-7","article-title":"Conscious sedation in children: the need to strengthen the evidence base remains","volume":"20","author":"A. J. 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