{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T22:21:56Z","timestamp":1779315716271,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["97\u201317708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["97\u201317708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary hypothyroidism is a common disease. Some patients have persistent symptoms despite normal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Ginger is reported to be beneficial in relieving similar symptoms. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of ginger supplementation in relieving persistent symptoms in these patients. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 hypothyroid patients aged 20\u201360\u2009years with normal serum TSH concentrations were randomly allocated to two equal parallel study groups of ginger (500\u2009mg twice a day) or placebo for 30 days. Hypothyroid symptoms were evaluated as the primary outcome using the Thyroid Symptom Rating Questionnaire (ThySRQ) before and after the intervention. Anthropometric measures and laboratory indices including TSH, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TChol), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were considered as secondary outcomes. A significant lower mean total ThySRQ score (8.63\u2009\u00b1\u20095.47 vs. 15.76\u2009\u00b1\u20096.09, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.001<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) was observed in the ginger group compared to the control group. Ginger led to significant improvements in the mean scores of the weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, dry skin, appetite, memory loss, concentration disturbance, and feeling giddy or dizzy domains (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>P<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.001<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). However, no significant improvements were observed in hair loss, nail fragility, hearing, hoarseness, speech, and depression or feeling down (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>P<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&gt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.05<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Ginger supplementation also led to a significant decrease in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, serum TSH, FBS, TG, and TChol levels compared to the placebo. In summary according to preliminary results of this study, ginger supplementation can help relieve persistent hypothyroid symptoms. Also, it may have beneficial effects in terms of weight reduction and regulation of the FBS and lipid profile in hypothyroid patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5456855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T17:35:22Z","timestamp":1642700122000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Efficacy of Ginger Supplementation in Relieving Persistent Hypothyroid Symptoms in Patients with Controlled Primary Hypothyroidism: A Pilot Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3283-0995","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hamide","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9612-0936","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Heydari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3210-0159","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mesbah","family":"Shams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8185-4993","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Mehdi","family":"Zarshenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3632-9356","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Tavakoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2575-790X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mehrab","family":"Sayadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"Harrison\u2019s Principles of Internal Medicine","author":"J. L. Jameson","year":"2018"},{"key":"2","article-title":"Goldman\u2019s cecil medicine, expert consult premium edition--enhanced online features and print, single volume, 24: Goldman\u2019s Cecil medicine","volume":"1","author":"R. L. F. Cecil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Elsevier Health Sciences"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.005"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01894.x"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.4.526"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24926\/iip.v10i3.2026"},{"key":"7","volume-title":"Secondary Causes of Obesity","author":"G. Allen","year":"2011"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0028"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m14-1456"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa430"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-20-0205"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22720-3_23"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00371"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2016.1182019"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2018.0369"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnim.2018.10.001"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/ps.2015.35"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/nt.0b013e3181ed3543"},{"issue":"2","key":"19","first-page":"125","article-title":"The association of hypothyroidism symptoms with cold dystemperament )Su-e-Mizaj-e Barid","volume":"10","author":"M. Fatemi Tekieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.08.026"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2471-2663.1000140"},{"issue":"5","key":"22","first-page":"59","article-title":"Effect of apple cider vinegar on glycemic control, hyperlipidemia and control on body weight in type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"8","author":"S. Kausar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Science"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.12.006"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2019.100315"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13375"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134664"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2018.06.005"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2015.00006"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/516870"},{"key":"30","article-title":"Effect of ginger (zingiber officinale) consumption as nutritional management recipe on lipid profile and hepatosteatosis status of non-diabetic patients with non-alcholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"C. P. Ezenwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"IJIRAS"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00232.x"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1322"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156925"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-9886-1"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0205"},{"key":"36","volume-title":"Personal Constructs and Adjustment in Secondary Hypothyroidism","author":"S. G. MacLean","year":"2011"},{"key":"37","first-page":"96","article-title":"Endurance training and ginger supplement on TSH, T3, T4 and testosterone and cortisol hormone in obese men","volume":"3","author":"R. Barari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran Journal of Basic Medical and Science"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2014.880671"},{"key":"39","article-title":"Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) as a nutraceutical: focus on the metabolic, analgesic, and antiinflammatory effects","volume":"64","author":"E. Pagano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Research"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.06.148"},{"key":"41","first-page":"468","article-title":"Dose-dependent antidiabetic and antiobesity potentials of aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale Linn (Ginger) rhizomes in experimental diabetic rats: need for precaution","volume":"14","author":"A. M. M. Chukwudike","year":"2019","journal-title":"EC Nutrition"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1296.203891"},{"key":"43","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of ginger (zingiber officinale) on diet induced hyperlipidemia and tissue histology in adult female wistar rats: a biochemical and histopathological study","volume":"18","author":"O. R. Akanfe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"44","article-title":"Effect of dried ginger (zingiber officinale) on serum total cholesterol level in hyperlipidemic patients","volume":"24","author":"S. Mushtaq","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of King Edward Medical University"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obmed.2019.100094"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2018.12.6.503"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2019.05.001"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2019.1608556"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1427044"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2013.12.017"},{"key":"51","volume-title":"PDR for Herbal medicines","author":"T. P. Staff","year":"2004"},{"issue":"7","key":"52","first-page":"634","article-title":"Influence of curcumin and ginger in primary dysmenorrhea: a review","volume":"15","author":"S. F. Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Engineering Research"},{"key":"53","article-title":"The effect OF boiled ginger drink jahecang ON blood pressure reduction IN hypertension patients IN the hamlet OF baban arosbaya village arosbaya district bangkalan regency","volume":"1","author":"A. Supriani","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Conference of Kerta Cendekia Nursing Academy"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/5456855.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/5456855.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/5456855.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T17:35:38Z","timestamp":1642700138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/5456855\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Tamagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["5456855","5456855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/5456855","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-4288","1741-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]}}}