{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:15:14Z","timestamp":1792818914859,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":210,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is primarily a disease of the lungs; however, extrapulmonary comorbidities like rib cage stiffness, decreased thoracic spine mobility, postural changes, and skeletal muscle dysfunctions also coexist. Muscle energy technique (MET) and joint manipulation (JM) may help alleviate these musculoskeletal problems. This study was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of MET and JM on pulmonary functions, dyspnea, chest wall mobility, disease exacerbations, and health\u2010related quality of life in COPD patients. A total of 16 patients (7 women and 9 men) suffering from COPD between the ages of 35 and 65 years participated in the study. Pretest\u2010posttest quasiexperimental design was used. MET was applied to the sternocleidomastoid, anterior scalene, pectoralis major muscles, and at the C4\u2010C6 level of the cervical spine. Maitland JM was performed in the thoracic region at the intervertebral, costovertebral, and costotransverse joints. The treatment intervention lasted for 3 weeks. FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), SpO2, modified Borg dyspnea scale (MBDS), COPD assessment test (CAT), mMRC dyspnea scale, BODE index, right and left hemidiaphragm excursion, and chest wall expansion at T4 and T10 levels were the outcome measures. Significant improvement (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) was observed in FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC, MIP, SpO2, MBDS, CAT, mMRC dyspnea scale, BODE index, and chest expansion at T4 and T10 levels. Only for the hemidiaphragm excursion, no significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05) improvement was observed. Combined application of MET to accessory respiratory muscles and cervical spine and JM to thoracic spine improved pulmonary functions, chest wall mobility, and health\u2010related quality of life and reduced dyspnea and disease exacerbations in patients with mild to moderate COPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5528724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T01:05:08Z","timestamp":1659229508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of Muscle Energy Technique and Joint Manipulation on Pulmonary Functions, Mobility, Disease Exacerbations, and Health\u2010Related Quality of Life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Quasiexperimental Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Diksha","family":"Bains","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aksh","family":"Chahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6046-9543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Abu","family":"Shaphe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8272-674X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faizan Z.","family":"Kashoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1150-4162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taimul","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad H.","family":"Alghadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8051-142X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masood","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201701-0218PP"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15412550801941349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-019-0256-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-4732-3-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/ijtr.2015.22.3.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ers.11.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15412550701480455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90336.2008b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","article-title":"Oxidative stress and free radicals in COPD\u2013implications and relevance for treatment","volume":"9","author":"Domej W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.4.8887607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.21394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111630"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0596PP"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2011.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","first-page":"251","article-title":"Immediate effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"108","author":"Noll D. 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