{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:42:32Z","timestamp":1772120552286,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004763","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020BS08008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020BS08008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004763","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007946","name":"Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMDGJ0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMDGJ0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007946","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012249","name":"Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JXSYLXKZHYAO084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXSYLXKZHYAO084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012249","name":"Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JXSYLXK-ZHYAO083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXSYLXK-ZHYAO083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81960714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81960714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. The Caoguo\u20104 decoction, a classical Mongolian medicine formula, is widely used to treat spleen deficiency diarrhea (SDD) in Mongolian for decades. Previously, the Caoguo\u20104 decoction volatile oil has been confirmed to be effective in ameliorating symptoms of spleen deficiency diarrhea in an animal model. However, the underlying mechanism of the Caoguo\u20104 decoction volatile oil is yet to be established. The aim of the current study was to investigate the antidiarrheal effects and mechanism of the Caoguo\u20104 decoction volatile oil. <jats:italic>Method<\/jats:italic>. Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 animals including control, model, positive, Caoguo\u20104 decoction, and Caoguo\u20104 decoction volatile oil groups (10 rats in each group). All the rats, besides those in the control group, were induced to develop SDD by a bitter\u2010cold purgation method with Xiaochengqi decoction. The antidiarrheal effect of Caoguo\u20104 decoction volatile oil was evaluated by pathological section, serum D\u2010xylose and AMS content, plasma MTL content, and gut microbiota analysis via 16S rRNA sequencing. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The results showed that the developed SDD rat model (model group) had decreased food intake, increased weight loss, soft stool, and bad hair color. When compared with the control group, serum was significantly reduced serum D\u2010xylose and AML but increased MTL levels in the model group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). However, after treatment with either the Caoguo\u20104 decoction (the decoction group) or Smecta (the positive group) or volatile oil from the Caoguo\u20104 decoction (the volatile oil group), a significant increase in the serum D\u2010xylose levels was observed. Additionally, AML levels significantly increased in the positive and volatile oil groups, and MTL levels significantly decreased in the decoction and volatile oil groups, when compared with the model group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The pathological changes of the intestinal mucosa showed that the structure of the epithelium in the villi of the small intestine was affected, deformed, and incomplete in the model group when compared with the control group. However, either the decoction group or the volatile oil group recovered the villous morphology. The results of OTU analysis and alpha diversity analysis of intestinal bacteria showed that the intestinal microbiota of the SDD model rats showed an obvious decrease in richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota. But the intervention treatment of decoction and volatile oil could significantly recover the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The intestinal microbiota destroyed in SDD modelling could be significantly improved by the Caoguo\u20104 decoction volatile oils, which provides reference for clinical medication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5559151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T23:50:07Z","timestamp":1643327407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Studies on the Mechanism of the Volatile Oils from Caoguo\u20104 Decoction in Regulating Spleen Deficiency Diarrhea by Adjusting Intestinal Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Mei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4436-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7553-7641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingyao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5261-6101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.111887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","first-page":"2032","article-title":"Treatment of chronic diarrhea due to intestinal microbiota imbalance according to the theory of \"spleen deficiency\"","volume":"29","author":"Liu Q.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11726-005-0271-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11550"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","first-page":"63","article-title":"Cortex Phellodendri extract santi-diarrhea effect in mice related to its modification of gut microbiota","volume":"3","author":"Xu B. Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318282aa12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","first-page":"63","article-title":"Effects of different processed products of Radix Codonopsis on intestinal microbiota of rats with spleen deficiency","volume":"11","author":"Ma J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicinal Plant"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","first-page":"1359","article-title":"Clinical observation of acupoint application for slow transit constipation due spleen deficiency and intestine dryness","volume":"37","author":"Han W. B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","first-page":"1470","article-title":"Effects of Qiweibaizhu powder on the intestinal bacterial diversity in dysbacteriotic diarrhea mice","volume":"45","author":"Guo K. X.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wei Sheng Wu Hsueh T'ung Pao Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","volume-title":"Mongolian Medicine Verification Prescription (Mongolian Version)","author":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","volume-title":"Chinese Medical Encyclopedia (Mongolian Edition)","author":"The Editorial Board of Chinese Medical Encyclopedia","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","first-page":"455","article-title":"Traditional function and modern research progress on volatile oil in Chinese materia medica","volume":"49","author":"Wang Y. Q.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","first-page":"100","article-title":"Development of animal model of spleen deficiency syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Li Y. H.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Guiding Journal Of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","first-page":"1022","article-title":"The study of composite factors make spleen-deficient model in rats","volume":"26","author":"Zhang W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","volume-title":"Mouse Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolites Change Caused by Inulin Addition in High Fat Diet","author":"Lu Z.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","first-page":"841","article-title":"The influence of Smeta on serum motilin and gastrin levels in rats with sp","volume":"10","author":"Li B. F.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhejiang Clinical Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","article-title":"Effect of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and its main active ingredients on gastrin in serum, acetylcholine, motilin, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide in plasma of rats","volume":"33","author":"Song Y. P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medice"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","article-title":"Effects of Yunpiwenyang granule on MTL, SS and VIP in the blood of mouse with splenic deficiency diarrhea","volume":"30","author":"Shao N. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","first-page":"168","article-title":"Effects of intestinal microflora on drug metabolism","volume":"35","author":"Chen Y. Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","article-title":"Advances in pharmacology research of Shenqi Baizhu powder based on intestinal microecology","volume":"29","author":"Yuan G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"The study of regulation of berberine to gut microflora in mouse model with Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea","volume":"53","author":"Yao H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2727.98666"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003510"}],"container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2022\/5559151.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2022\/5559151.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2022\/5559151","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:54:10Z","timestamp":1748912050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2022\/5559151"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Wuquan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2022\/5559151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/5559151","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-0900","1942-0994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-0900","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-0994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"5559151"}}