{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T19:54:15Z","timestamp":1785182055121,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":194,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004595","name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6316369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6316369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004595","name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6315268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6315268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Combination of natural products with chemically synthesised biomaterials as cancer therapy has attracted great interest lately. Hence, this study is aimed at investigating the combined effects of goniothalamin and bioactive glass 45S5 (GTN\u2010BG) and evaluating their anticancer properties on human breast cancer cells MCF\u20107. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. The BG 45S5 was prepared using the sol\u2010gel process followed by characterisation using PSA, BET, SEM\/EDS, XRD, and FTIR. The effects of GTN\u2010BG on the proliferation of MCF\u20107 were assessed by MTT, PrestoBlue, and scratch wound assays. The cell cycle analysis, Annexin\u2010FITC assay, and activation of caspase\u20103\/7, caspase\u20108, and caspase\u20109 assays were determined to further explore its mechanism of action. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The synthesised BG 45S5 was classified as a fine powder, having a rough surface, and contains mesopores of 12.6\u2009nm. EDS analysis revealed that silica and calcium elements are the primary components of BG powders. Both crystalline and amorphous structures were detected with 73% and 27% similarity to Na<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Ca<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(Si<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>) and hydroxyapatite, respectively. The combination of GTN\u2010BG was more potent than GTN in inhibiting the proliferation of MCF\u20107 cells. G0\/G1 and G2\/M phases of the cell cycle were arrested by GTN and GTN\u2010BG. The percentage of viable cells in GTN\u2010BG treatment was significantly lower than that in GTN. In terms of activation of initiator caspases for both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, caspase\u20108 and caspase\u20109 were found more effective in response to GTN\u2010BG than GTN. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The anticancer effect of GTN in MCF\u20107 cells was improved when combined with BG. The findings provide significant insight into the mechanism of GTN\u2010BG against MCF\u20107 cells, which can potentially be used as a novel anticancer therapeutic approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5653136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:35:05Z","timestamp":1657845305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Combination of Goniothalamin and Sol\u2010Gel\u2010Derived Bioactive Glass 45S5 Enhances Growth Inhibitory Activity <i>via<\/i> Apoptosis Induction and Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells MCF\u20107"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Siti Aishah Abu","family":"Bakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Manaf","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2843-026X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahrul Bariyah Sahul","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Asna","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor Muzamil","family":"Mohamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7353-2495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nor Hazwani","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.1991.tb07132.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(98)00133-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr00099a003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08686.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb9010025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2019.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2013.01.094"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.03.288"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb20275e"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/536508"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","first-page":"66","article-title":"Differential antiproliferative activity of goniothalamin against selected human cancer cell lines","volume":"15","author":"Bakar S. 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