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Notably, it influences other tissues through inflammatory reactions and metabolic disturbances. Therefore, fingolimod (FTY\u2010720), as an FDA\u2010approved inflammatory modulator, would be promising. In the present study, nanocarriers with two distinct monodisperse particle sizes of 60 (nF60) and 190 (nF190) nm were prepared via low\u2010(stirring) and high\u2010energy (probe ultrasound) emulsion oil in water (O\/W) methods. Larger nanocarriers showed higher EE% and sustained\u2010release profile than smaller nanocarriers. Neural stem cell (NSC) viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were studied in the presence of nanocarriers and free FTY\u2010720. The results indicated that nanocarriers and free FTY\u2010720 enhanced NSC viability compared with the control group. However, nF190 induced significantly less cell membrane damage than nF60. Nanocarriers and free FTY\u2010720 enhanced motor neuron recovery in SCI rats, while body weight and return to bladder reflux by nF190 were significantly higher than those in the nF60 group. Return to bladder reflux might be due to the role of FTY\u2010720 in the regulation of detrusor muscle tone and preservation of the integrity of vessels by acting on endothelial cells. Moreover, nF190 gained higher soleus muscle weight than the free drugs; probably decreasing proinflammatory cytokines in the soleus diminishes muscular atrophy in SCI rats. In summary, it might be said that larger nanocarriers with sustained\u2010release profile and less cell membrane damage seem to be more efficient than smaller ones to manage SCI and enhance bladder reflux. These data will help pharmaceutical companies select the correct particle size for nanodrugs and develop more efficient drug formulations to treat SCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5703426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T06:05:34Z","timestamp":1660716334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fingolimod Nanoemulsions at Different Particle Sizes Define the Fate of Spinal Cord Injury Recovery"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Delaram","family":"Poormoghadam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bita 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