{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:05:35Z","timestamp":1777309535801,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The first 140 days of pregnancy are critical as regards rubella virus infection because of the likelihood of a poor pregnancy outcome. This study was undertaken to investigate the likelihood of exposure to poor pregnancy outcomes due to seroprevalence of rubella among selected pregnant women attending Mile Four Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The seroprevalence of rubella immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies was investigated among pregnant women. A total of 187 sera samples collected from the women were screened for rubella virus IgM antibody using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results obtained were analyzed using SPSS. The chi square test was performed at a <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> value of 0.05 significance and at a 95% confidence interval. Of the 187 pregnant women, 35 (18.72%) were positive for the rubella virus. Pregnant women within 26\u201330 years of age had the highest prevalence (26.15%), while those aged 35\u201340 years had the least prevalence. Married women had the highest prevalence (20.0%), followed by singles (16.67%) and widows (15.38%), while divorced pregnant women recorded the least prevalence (9.20%). Pregnant women with no formal education were more predisposed to rubella virus (22.22%) infection compared to their educated counterparts. Occupationally, full-time housewives had the highest prevalence (24.26%). The infection rates seemed to wane as pregnancy advanced. The first trimester had the highest prevalence (21.88%), followed by the second trimester (18.84%) and the third trimester (17.44%). Pregnant women living in urban areas had higher IgM seroprevalence (20.18%) than those in rural areas (16.67%). Furthermore, grand multigravidas were more infected (22.73%) than primigravidas (14.52%) and multigravidas (20.39%). The seroprevalence of rubella in this study was high, and it calls for general surveillance and mass immunization of children and females of childbearing age in the area to help reduce the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5743106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T16:35:16Z","timestamp":1643646916000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Burden of Likely Rubella Infection among Healthy Pregnant Women in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6892-1266","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Uchechukwu Onyeukwu","family":"Ekuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Science and Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ogbonnaya","family":"Ogbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8519-2555","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angus Nnamdi","family":"Oli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Agulu, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin-Luther Oseni","family":"Okolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University Anyigba, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter Anyigor","family":"Edeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Agulu, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5848-1308","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hussein O. M.","family":"Al-Dahmoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Hilla City, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6643-140X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sousan","family":"Akrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7419-0116","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Morteza","family":"Saki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006377"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.7246"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225606"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.supp.2017.27.3.11491"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007982"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjod.galenos.2018.89663"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225594"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7829-3"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2017.7.18182"},{"issue":"1","key":"10","first-page":"141","article-title":"Seroprevalence of rubella virus IgM antibodies among pregnant woman attending muhammadu abdullahi wase specialist hospital Kano","volume":"2","author":"Y. 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