{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T05:41:08Z","timestamp":1775886068822,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012411","name":"Alborz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genetics Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. Efavirenz is an antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug metabolized by cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) enzyme. Cytochrome P450 2B6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2B6 gene. Polymorphisms of this gene play a crucial role in the metabolism of drugs such as Efavirenz. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of three clinically significant CYP2B6 polymorphisms (CYP2B6<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:msup>\n                           <a:mrow\/>\n                           <a:mi>\u2217<\/a:mi>\n                        <\/a:msup>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>6 (516G\u2009&gt;\u2009T), CYP2B6<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:msup>\n                           <c:mrow\/>\n                           <c:mi>\u2217<\/c:mi>\n                        <\/c:msup>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>4 (785A\u2009&gt;\u2009G), and CYP2B6<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:msup>\n                           <e:mrow\/>\n                           <e:mi>\u2217<\/e:mi>\n                        <\/e:msup>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>5 (1459C\u2009&gt;\u2009T)) in three major Iranian ethnicities. Methods. One hundred forty-seven participants from three main Iranian ethnicities were included in this study. After DNA extraction, CYP2B6<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:msup>\n                           <g:mrow\/>\n                           <g:mi>\u2217<\/g:mi>\n                        <\/g:msup>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>6 (516G\u2009&gt;\u2009T), CYP2B6<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:msup>\n                           <i:mrow\/>\n                           <i:mi>\u2217<\/i:mi>\n                        <\/i:msup>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>4 (785A\u2009&gt;\u2009G), and CYP2B6<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:msup>\n                           <k:mrow\/>\n                           <k:mi>\u2217<\/k:mi>\n                        <\/k:msup>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>5 (1459C\u2009&gt;\u2009T) were genotyped using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Results. The frequency of the mutated allele in the Iranian population for CYP2B6<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:msup>\n                           <m:mrow\/>\n                           <m:mi>\u2217<\/m:mi>\n                        <\/m:msup>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>6 (516G\u2009&gt;\u2009T) was 41.50 (95% CI: 35.81, 47.36), which was significantly lower than in Kurds (59.62, 95% CI: 45.10, 72.99). Similarly, Kurds had a higher frequency of mutated allele of CYP2B6<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:msup>\n                           <o:mrow\/>\n                           <o:mi>\u2217<\/o:mi>\n                        <\/o:msup>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>5 (1459C\u2009&gt;\u2009T) (46.15%, 95% CI: 32.23, 60.53) than in Iranians (24.49%, 95% CI: 19.68, 29.82). The frequency of A and G alleles of CYP2B6<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <q:msup>\n                           <q:mrow\/>\n                           <q:mi>\u2217<\/q:mi>\n                        <\/q:msup>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>4 (785A\u2009&gt;\u2009G) was 62.59% (95% CI: 56.78, 68.13) and 37.41 (95% CI: 31.87, 43.22), respectively. Conclusion. Kurds are at higher risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and insufficient anti-HIV response compared to other Iranians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5754776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T16:35:25Z","timestamp":1666197325000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Frequency of CYP2B6 Alleles in Major Iranian Ethnicities, Affecting Response to Efavirenz"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9228-4615","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Parham","family":"Mardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bahareh","family":"Tavakoli-Far","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Sheibani Nia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3230-4610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roshanak","family":"Jazayeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2198-223X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Massoud","family":"Houshmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.05.006"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.12.009"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.651720"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4029"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.692234"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8703812"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-019-0234-2"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.8.6.851"},{"key":"9","volume-title":"Selecting an Initial ART Regimen","author":"S. 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