{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T13:56:18Z","timestamp":1764251778824,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":730,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Smok Cessat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Globally, tobacco use (smoked, secondhand, and chewing) accounted for 8.71 million deaths, which is 15.4% of all deaths in 2019. Tobacco was ranked first among males and sixth among female in terms of level 2 risk factor for attributable deaths globally. The objective of this study was to identify the perception of cigarette graphic health warnings and their impact on smoking behavior in Nepal. A cross-sectional study using purposive sampling technique was done. Out of 169 respondents, 79.9% were male, 49.1% were illiterate, and 37.9% were above 60 years of age. Eighty-four percent had initiated smoking before the age of 20, and 39.6% had smoked cigarettes for more than 40 years. All the respondents had noticed the graphic health warning on cigarette packages. The majority (80.5%) of the respondents reported that the warning informs about specific health consequences of smoking, and the percentage of respondents believing that warning motivates smokers to quit smoking, encourages smokers to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and deters potential smokers from starting to smoke was 40.2%, 33.1%, and 30.8%, respectively. More than half of the respondents (50.9%) attempted to quit smoking because of the warning. The implementation of graphic health warnings had favorable perception from majority of smokers and positive impact on smoking behavior of the respondents. Further large-scale research on impact on smoking behavior through repeated cross-sectional studies can be future research priority.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5787856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T16:05:09Z","timestamp":1663257909000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Perception of Cigarette Graphic Health Warnings and Its Impact on Smoking Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study among Current Smokers of Western Part of Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2287-5628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0632-3575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh","family":"Pokhrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7274-2236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suraj","family":"Subedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1960-2066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hemraj","family":"Paudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3695-1978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rup Chandra","family":"Viswakarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9479-0730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diptee","family":"Poudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6653-9138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiva Lal","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9728-8183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puja","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7891-0333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandip","family":"Kuikel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1834261200600129_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7114089"},{"key":"S1834261200600129_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2021.22.S2.35"},{"key":"S1834261200600129_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38142.554479.AE"},{"key":"S1834261200600129_B7","unstructured":"[7] \u201cTobacco Labelling Research Centre,\u201d 2022, https:\/\/tobaccolabels.ca\/countries\/nepal\/."},{"key":"S1834261200600129_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2006.01.018"},{"key":"S1834261200600129_B9","unstructured":"[9] Ministry of Health; New ERA; and ICF, \u201cNepal Demographic and Health Survey,\u201d 2016, Kathmandu, Nepal. https:\/\/www.dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/fr336\/fr336.pdf."},{"key":"S1834261200600129_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2005.013276"},{"volume-title":"Tobacco use among adolescent students in secondary schools of Pokhara sub metropolitan city of Nepal","year":"2003","author":"Paudel","key":"S1834261200600129_B22"},{"key":"S1834261200600129_B13","unstructured":"[13] \u201cTobacco Labelling Research Centre,\u201d 2022, https:\/\/tobaccolabels.ca\/toolkit\/."},{"key":"S1834261200600129_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02508.x","article-title":"How reactions to cigarette packet health warnings influence quitting: findings from the ITC Four-Country survey,","volume":"104","author":"Ron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"volume-title":"Tobacco labelling and packaging toolkit: a guide to FCTC Article 11","year":"2009","author":"Hammond","key":"S1834261200600129_B11"},{"key":"S1834261200600129_B21","unstructured":"[21] \u201cThe Graphic Health Warning Law (Republic of the Philippines) s2,\u201d December 2021. https:\/\/hrep-website.s3.ap-southeast-sub."},{"volume":"200","volume-title":"Conference of the Parties To The WHO Framework Convention On Tobacco Control, Third session","year":"2008","key":"S1834261200600129_B6"},{"volume-title":"Fact Sheet Nepal","year":"2018","key":"S1834261200600129_B10"},{"volume-title":"How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General","year":"2010","key":"S1834261200600129_B3"},{"key":"S1834261200600129_B28","first-page":"645","article-title":"Cigarette package health warnings and interest in quitting smoking---14 countries, 2008--2010,","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"S1834261200600129_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.09.069575"},{"volume-title":"WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control; 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