{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:45:08Z","timestamp":1790261108650,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Fund Project","award":["52004211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52004211"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Coal fire disaster caused by the spontaneous combustion of coal has always been one of the serious problems that threaten the safety of coal mining. In our study, we first solved the dynamic parameters and mechanical functions of coal gangue using the Achar differential method and Coats-Redfern integral method. Then, based on the flow and heat transfer mechanism of hot rod vapor-liquid two-phase flow, combined with coal spontaneous ignition conditions, influencing factors, coal pile spontaneous combustion temperature field structure distribution, etc., the heat transfer process of the hot rod in the coal pile (coal gangue mountain) was analyzed. Results show the average activation energies of the second stage of different types of coal mine gangue. Upon comparing the characteristic parameters of coal gangue in different regions and ages, it is found that 8# coal gangue has better combustion and burn-out characteristics, and its comprehensive combustion characteristics are second only to those of the coal gangue in Datong and higher than those in Panzhihua, Pingdingshan, and Hancheng. The higher the content of volatile matter and fixed carbon in coal gangue, the lower the ash content, and the better the comprehensive combustion performance of the coal gangue. Under the condition of sufficient oxygen supply combustion, the larger the fuel ratio, the better the burnout performance of the coal gangue. The test of the influence of the hot rod on the temperature field distribution inside the coal pile shows that the maximum cooling rate of a single hot rod to the coal pile during the test period is 33.4\u00b0C, and the maximum cooling rate reaches 39.6%. The calculated heat dissipation of the 80\u2009h hot rod is 1.0865, 2.1680, and 3.3649\u2009MJ, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5953322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T17:05:20Z","timestamp":1661533520000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Study on Thermodynamic Characteristics and Heat Transfer Method of Uncontrolled Fire in Coal Mine Gangue Mountain Spontaneous Combustion Based on System Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6968-2351","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guangxing","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2006.09.007"},{"key":"2","first-page":"464","article-title":"Coal mining and combustion in the coal waste dumps of Poland","author":"J. 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