{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T20:24:18Z","timestamp":1776975858748,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":262,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia","award":["375213500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["375213500"]}]},{"name":"Jouf University","award":["375213500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["375213500"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Effluents discharged by poultry meat industries are heavily polluted with raw materials, such as fat, blood residues, and proteins. Thus, untreated effluents directly discharged into the environment may constitute a public health threat. This study aims to evaluate the bacterial diversity of three water qualities: industrial poultry wastewater (PWW), tap water (TW), and PWW diluted with TW (50\u2009:\u200950) (V\/V) (TWPWW) by the combination of culture\u2010independent and culture\u2010dependent approaches. The total bacterial DNA was extracted using phenol\/chloroform method. The hypervariable 16S rRNA region V3\u2010V5 was amplified by PCR using universal primers. The amplicons were separated by vertical electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel of increasing denaturing gradient according to their richness in GC bases. Selected bands were reamplified and sequenced. Pure isolated bacteria from nutrient agar medium were characterized according to their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Genomic DNA from pure strains was extracted by boiling method, and a molecular amplification of the 16S\u201323S ITS region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using the universal primers. Selected isolates were identified by sequencing. Results showed a high bacterial load and diversity in PWW in comparison with TW and TWPWW. A collection of 44 strains was obtained, and 25 of them were identified by sequencing. <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic> represented 76% of isolated bacteria <jats:italic>Gamma-Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic> was the predominate isolate (68%). Other isolates were <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> (8%), <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic> (12%), and <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic> (8%). These isolates belong to different genera, namely, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Empedobacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Comamonas<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Frondibacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Leclercia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Atlantibacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Microbacterium<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6065305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T21:50:09Z","timestamp":1663710609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Assessment of Bacterial Diversity of Industrial Poultry Wastewater by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and the Cultivation Method in Order to Inform Its Reuse in Agriculture"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Amira","family":"Oueslati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wafa","family":"Hassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ellafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Alibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahlem","family":"Jaziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarra","family":"Bachkouel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imen","family":"Oueslati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2309-2601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mejdi","family":"Snoussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7080-6822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd","family":"Adnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9283-2124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitesh","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7003-9846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelbaset Mohamed","family":"Elasbali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7936-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hedi Ben","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933910000656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933917000071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","article-title":"Poultry world-popularity of poultry continues globally poult","author":"Berkhout N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poultry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","volume-title":"The environmental impacts of trade liberalization and potential flanking measures. Stage 1 of a Report to DEFRA","author":"Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP)","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","volume-title":"Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs","author":"UE","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","unstructured":"KuyeliM. S. Assessment of Industrial Effluent and their Impact on Water Quality of Streams in Blantyre [M.S. thesis] 2007 Unima Zomba."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","volume-title":"Food industry wastes: assessment and recuperation of commodities","author":"Kosseva M. R.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742170520000083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2016.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","volume-title":"Technical Report","author":"Mercado G.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2006.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Post-treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater using electrochemical oxidation","volume":"15","author":"Awang Z. B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15081734"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380903392718"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/78150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/FRI-200029422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","unstructured":"AdeleganJ. A. Environmental Policy and Slaughterhouse Waste in Nigeria Proceedings of the 28th WEDC Conference 2004 Calcutta India 3\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJEST11.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"Assessment of physico-chemical and microbiological qualities of abattoir wastewater in Sokoto","volume":"16","author":"Rabah A. B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00141-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(02)00504-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","first-page":"132","article-title":"Impact of abattoir effluent on river Landzu, Bida, Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"Saidu M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2009.01629.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765x.2000.00771.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2010.02258.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-014-1731-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02198-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of the physico-chemical and microbiol pollution of wastewater and seawater collected from five Mediterranean countries","volume":"1","author":"Hassen W.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arabian Journal of Scientific Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2019.1607859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Characterization of industrial dairy wastewater and contribution to reuse in cereals culture: study of phytotoxic effect","volume":"2","author":"Sioud O.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Austin Journal of Environmental Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-008-9092-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","volume-title":"Biodegradation of Pesticides Used in Agricultural Soils","author":"Hassen W.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5433\/1679-0359.2016v37n5p3069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11615-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233713506957"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-018-1256-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30120-9_217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.002816-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.045716-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-40-4-384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-04-12-0377-RE"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-6182-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.08.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-144884\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2011.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02942-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009296"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.054478-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02073-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.048496-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02232-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2005.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/9781847551450-00508"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63746-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-44-4-827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470999431.ch4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_2","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Dairy Microbiology","author":"Gilmour A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-008-0091-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.049445-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.058933-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-43-4-768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-010-0077-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14261-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_2","first-page":"637","article-title":"Characteristics of chicken slaughterhouse wastewater","volume":"63","author":"Yaakob M. A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Transactions"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_2","volume-title":"Low-Cost Innovative Solutions for Treating Public Market Wastewater in the Philippines: Deploying Hybrid Anaerobic\/Aerobic Coco Peat Filtration Systems","author":"Santos C. P. E.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/gep.2016.44021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2003.000-1116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21622515.2016.1207713"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2021.126543"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_2","first-page":"384","article-title":"Bacterial adsorption and suspended particles in urban Stormwater","volume":"57","author":"Schillinger J. E.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(1998)124:8(761)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:4(391)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2004.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-006-0688-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Examining the effects of untreated wastewater irrigation on the productivity of Chemlali olive cultivar and soil physico- chemical properties","volume":"2","author":"Oueslati A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab Journal of Scientific Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.05402-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2013.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5586-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.047969-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00312-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00099-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.534"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2013.304"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(02)00555-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jbji.16967"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2014.46.1.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-017-1230-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/23744235.2015.1034170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.575391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-68.7.1408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2332-0893.1000120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00019-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26656\/fr.2017.2(2).001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clce.2022.100026"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2022\/6065305.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2022\/6065305.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2022\/6065305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T08:23:38Z","timestamp":1735633418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2022\/6065305"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fazul","family":"Nabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2022\/6065305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6065305","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6065305"}}