{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T12:19:18Z","timestamp":1740140358992,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641945600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004530","name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"abstract":"Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial disorder and is the most significant public health concern nowadays. Previous study showed that essential oil extracted from Momordica charantia\u2019s seed exhibited gastroprotective effect. However, the evidence for the gastroprotective effect of its active compound, polypeptide K (PPK), remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the preventive effect of PPK against different experimental gastric lesions models in rats. The possible gastroprotective effect of PPK was assessed in hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in Sprague Dawley rats and was further evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Pyloric ligation experiments were used to investigate gastric secretion. Oral administration of PPK at all concentrations (10, 25, and 50\u2009mg\/kg) showed significant \n \n \n \n p<\/a:mi>\n <<\/a:mo>\n 0.05<\/a:mn>\n <\/a:mrow>\n <\/a:mfenced>\n <\/a:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula> reduction in total area of lesion in both hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models. The highest inhibition rate was seen in PPK dose of 50\u2009mg\/kg with 64.9% and 72.2% on hydrochloride ethanol and indomethacin models, respectively. Microscopically, PPK preserved the normal architectures of the gastric tissues from being damaged by hydrochloride ethanol and indomethacin. Further, in the pyloric ligation studies, PPK significantly \n \n \n \n p<\/f:mi>\n <<\/f:mo>\n 0.05<\/f:mn>\n <\/f:mrow>\n <\/f:mfenced>\n <\/f:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula> decreased the ulcer area where the highest protection was exhibited by 50\u2009mg\/kg with 70% inhibition rate. Moreover, all concentrations of PPK also significantly \n \n \n \n p<\/k:mi>\n <<\/k:mo>\n 0.05<\/k:mn>\n <\/k:mrow>\n <\/k:mfenced>\n <\/k:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula> enhanced the gastric wall mucus secretion. Collectively, this study demonstrated the gastroprotective effect of PPK on hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models. The possible mechanism might be associated with enhanced mucus secretion and thus lowering the total acidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6098929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T21:20:07Z","timestamp":1642022407000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gastroprotective Effect of Polypeptide-K Isolated from Momordica charantia\u2019s Seeds on Multiple Experimental Gastric Ulcer Models in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Nurul \u2019Ain","family":"Abu Bakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science and Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, PICOMS International University College, 68100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Nazrul","family":"Hakim Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5081-0982","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vuanghao","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9442-7456","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yoke Keong","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2016.129"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.04.025"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.84437"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5525584"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.03.024"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1875-5364(16)60002-x"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.03.035"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v6i2.1202"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17089631"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2012.05.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"11","first-page":"7","article-title":"Effects of polypeptide-k supplemented soft bun on blood glucose level in healthy adults","volume":"3","author":"L. C. Lok","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.08.022"},{"article-title":"Protein\/polypeptide-k obtained from Momordica charantia","year":"2004","author":"P. Kanna","key":"13"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(87)90734-x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2006.04.011"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci0212529"},{"key":"17","first-page":"43","article-title":"A simple method for the uniform production of gastric ulceration in rat","volume":"5","author":"H. Shay","year":"1945","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5085(19)33706-0"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jep.s125383"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201812666151012113221"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2650070105"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000200472"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2018.0010"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557518666180330112416"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2018.76943"},{"issue":"6","key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.6.1558S","article-title":"What are the essential elements needed for the determination of amino acid requirements in humans?","volume":"134","author":"P. Furst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"27","first-page":"185","article-title":"Studies on the antisecretory, gastric anti-ulcer and cytoprotective properties of glycine","volume":"97","author":"M. Tariq","year":"1997","journal-title":"Research Communications in Molecular Pathology and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"28","first-page":"609","article-title":"Protective effect of L\u2010arginine against ibuprofen\u2010induced gastric injury in rats","volume":"3","author":"M. J. Mart\u00edn Calero","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/6098929.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/6098929.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/6098929.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T21:20:14Z","timestamp":1642022414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/6098929\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lu sa","family":"Mota da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["6098929","6098929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6098929","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-4288","1741-427X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-4288"},{"type":"print","value":"1741-427X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]}}}