{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:15:06Z","timestamp":1789564506075,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":247,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. To explore the prevalence of risk factors of retinal diseases among patients seeking services from Madang Provincial Hospital Eye Clinic in Papua New Guinea. <jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. A hospital\u2010based retrospective study was conducted at the only eye clinic serving the entire Madang province of Papua New Guinea. Purposive sampling was used to obtain data from patients\u2019 record cards at the eye clinic from January to June 2021. The data collected included gender, age, presenting visual acuity, blood pressure, blood sugar level, body mass index, smoking habits, and history of cataract surgery. The data was analyzed using the International Business Machines Corporation\u2019s Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. A <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Two hundred and fifty\u2010five (255) patients went through diabetes and hypertension screening during the period of the study (January to June 2021). The mean age of the patients was 53.14\u2009\u00b1\u200911.20 years and there were more males (56.86%) than females. Nearly half of the patients (43.6%) were either visually impaired or blind. More than half (52.6%) had diabetes mellitus. Majority of the patients (73.3%) were hypertensive and more than half (57.0%) of the patients had unhealthy body mass index (BMI &lt;18.525\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> or\u2009&gt;\u200925\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Overweight was significantly associated with hypertension (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). A few of them were smokers or had a history of cataract surgery (13.7% and 2.0%, respectively). <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. There is a high prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and overweight among ophthalmic patients in Madang. It is important that measures are put in place to eliminate barriers to health care and to strengthen eye care services in Papua New Guinea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6120908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T16:20:08Z","timestamp":1662394808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence of Risk Factors of Retinal Diseases among Patients in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0144-030X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bismark","family":"Owusu-Afriyie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4492-8102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Baimur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2240-0780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa","family":"Gende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Baia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2005.040857"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","first-page":"844","article-title":"Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002","volume":"82","author":"Resnikoff S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.581"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S262131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/medtoday.v32i1.44812"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.343.14510"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5969816"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30846-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.15.1900"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0B013E3181613463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-13-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0467-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jafmc.v14i2.45906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-10-31"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31550-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/EYE.2013.280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medici.2016.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311803"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/BJOPHTHALMOL-2017-311802"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7674928"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","volume-title":"Blindness and Vision Impairment ICD-11","author":"WHO","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","volume-title":"Diagnosis","author":"ADA","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WheltonP. 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