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However, the effects of tACS targeting regions outside the motor cortex, as well as its spatial specificity, are still unclear. Here, we present a concurrent tACS-fMRI block design study to characterize the impact of 40\u2009Hz tACS applied over the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in healthy subjects. Results suggest an increase in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activity in the targeted bilateral DLPFCs, as well as in surrounding brain areas affected by stimulation according to biophysical modeling, i.e., the premotor cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, off-target effects were also observed, primarily involving the visual cortices, with further effects on the supplementary motor areas (SMA), left subgenual cingulate, and right superior temporal gyrus. The specificity of 40\u2009Hz tACS over bilateral DLPFC and the possibility for network-level effects should be considered in future studies, especially in the context of recently promoted gamma-induction therapeutic protocols for neurodegenerative disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6197505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T18:50:14Z","timestamp":1657997414000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Local and Distributed fMRI Changes Induced by 40\u2009Hz Gamma tACS of the Bilateral Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4006-4629","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucia","family":"Mencarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, 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