{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T02:20:47Z","timestamp":1778466047861,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,26]],"date-time":"2022-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669420800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010338","name":"Chongqing Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YZH22019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YZH22019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010338","name":"Chongqing Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CYS22571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CYS22571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010338","name":"Chongqing Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-GX-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-GX-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research Innovation Project of Chongqing","award":["YZH22019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YZH22019"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research Innovation Project of Chongqing","award":["CYS22571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CYS22571"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research Innovation Project of Chongqing","award":["2021-GX-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-GX-014"]}]},{"name":"14th Five-Year Educational Science Planning Project of Chongqing","award":["YZH22019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YZH22019"]}]},{"name":"14th Five-Year Educational Science Planning Project of Chongqing","award":["CYS22571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CYS22571"]}]},{"name":"14th Five-Year Educational Science Planning Project of Chongqing","award":["2021-GX-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-GX-014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Virtual reality technology (VR) has been widely used in education and teaching, but the results of a large number of experimental studies on the impact of VR on students\u2019 technical skill learning are not consistent. In this study, a meta-analysis method was used to conduct in-depth quantitative analysis of 32 experimental or quasi-experimental research literatures based on virtual reality in the past 20 years. The results showed that: (1) virtual reality technology has a moderately positive effect on the learning of technical skills of science and engineering college students (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mtext>SMD<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.363<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>); (2) the effect of VR on cognitive strategies (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mtext>SMD<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.487<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) was significantly greater than that of mental skills (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mtext>SMD<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.275<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) for technical skills under different measurement dimensions. (3) Different test periods, previous experience levels, and auxiliary methods have different degrees of positive influence on improving students\u2019 technical skills, among which the 40-60 minutes experiment period (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mtext>SMD<\/g:mtext>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.484<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) has the greatest influence on the improvement of technical skills. According to the research conclusions, we suggest to make an overall planning for the construction of VR enabling teaching application scenarios and create a human-machine collaborative interactive teaching model of \u201ctheory+VR simulation+feedback\u201d based on flow theory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6202370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,27]],"date-time":"2022-11-27T01:16:48Z","timestamp":1669511808000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Research on the Influence of Virtual Reality on the Learning Effect of Technical Skills of Science and Engineering College Students: Meta-Analysis Based on 32 Empirical Studies"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8998-5015","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China"},{"name":"School of Computer and Information Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China"},{"name":"School of Computer and Information Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Application of virtual reality in education and training","volume":"6","author":"Y. 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