{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:28:34Z","timestamp":1790116114104,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The human exposure to toxic chemicals and heavy metals is one of the main predisposing factors contributing to male infertility. Acute exposure to cadmium chloride results in testicular damage and infertility. The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the curative effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), lycopene, L-carnitine (LC), and zinc sulfate against the cadmium-induced infertility in male Wistar rats. Cadmium chloride (0.4\u2009mg\/kg\/day) was orally administered to rats for three consecutive days. Then, oral administration of different treatments (i.e., LC 100\u2009mg\/kg, CoQ10 20\u2009mg\/kg, lycopene 4\u2009mg\/kg, zinc sulfate 6\u2009mg\/kg, and a combination LC-CoQ10 at 500\/50\u2009mg\/kg) was carried out for 30 days. The impact of different treatments on semen parameters, such as sperm count and motility, testicular antioxidants, and serum testosterone, was determined. Furthermore, the morphology of epididymis sperms and histopathology of rat testes were also assessed. Cadmium exposure decreased the sperm count, progressive sperm motility, testosterone, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH). It also caused banana sperm tail, bent sperm head, vacuolization of seminiferous tubules, and oligospermia in rat testes. All treatments with nutraceuticals improved sperm count, sperm morphology, serum testosterone, vacuolization of seminiferous tubules, and oligospermia in diseased rats. Treatment with lycopene, LC, and LC-CoQ10 improved progressive sperm motility and other parameters and increased SOD, GSH, and CAT in the rat testes. CoQ10 also increased SOD activity in rat testes\u2019 tissue homogenates. It is concluded from the current study that all nutraceuticals partially improved reproductive toxicity of cadmium. The administration of lycopene and a high-dose combination of LC-CoQ10 were more efficacious in treating cadmium-induced infertility than other treatments. Treatment of cadmium-exposed rats with lycopene, LC, CoQ10, and LC-CoQ10 improved sperm count and motility through reduction of testicular oxidative stress and improving serum testosterone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6266613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T18:05:36Z","timestamp":1656612336000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparative Potential of Zinc Sulfate, L-Carnitine, Lycopene, and Coenzyme Q10 on Cadmium-Induced Male Infertility"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Iftikhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2270-6242","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Furqan","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2478-7800","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ammara","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amjad","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrukh","family":"Zehravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6099-5693","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md. Habibur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghulam","family":"Md Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Male infertility expert system diagnoses and treatment","volume":"7","author":"S. S. Abu-Naser","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(02)03105-9"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aju.2017.11.001"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.2012.10968.x"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2017.04.012"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2016.25.18.s35"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-009-8577-5"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2018.01.013","article-title":"Determination of cadmium and lead in wine samples by means of dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction coupled to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry","volume":"67","author":"D. Mart\u00ednez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20468","article-title":"Cadmium\u2010induced infertility in male mice","volume":"25","author":"M. Monsefi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology: International Journal"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-020-00783-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"11","first-page":"357","article-title":"Oxidative stress & male infertility","volume":"129","author":"K. Makker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2014.32.1.1"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920005774330594"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760600617843"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mjt.0b013e31804c7120"},{"key":"16","first-page":"383","article-title":"Effect of L-carnitine and\/or L-acetyl-carnitine in nutrition treatment for male infertility: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"X. Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-11-81"},{"issue":"2","key":"18","first-page":"69","article-title":"Zinc is an essential element for male fertility: a review of Zn roles in men\u2019s health, germination, sperm quality, and fertilization","volume":"19","author":"A. Fallah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Infertility"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2009.11.009"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2005.05.003"},{"issue":"9","key":"21","first-page":"693","article-title":"Protective effects of L-carnitine and homogenized testis tissue on the testis and sperm parameters of busulfan-induced infertile male rats","volume":"11","author":"F. Dehghani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.57223"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/1518-0557.20180062"},{"issue":"6","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12025","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollen extract on cadmium\u2010induced testicular toxicity","volume":"45","author":"M. El\u2010Neweshy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2006.11.010"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1957"},{"issue":"1","key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530321666210208211310","article-title":"Appraisal of anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory potential of folkloric medicinal plant peganum harmala","volume":"22","author":"M. F. Akhtar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-021-00875-y"},{"key":"29","first-page":"41","article-title":"Lycopene, a carotenoid antioxidant against bisphenol a (BPA) motivated experimental male infertility","volume":"1","author":"P. Tamilselvan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical and Therapeutic Sciences"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.07.087","article-title":"Cadmium chloride\u2013induced testicular toxicity in male wistar rats; prophylactic effect of quercetin, and assessment of testicular recovery following cadmium chloride withdrawal","volume":"94","author":"V. U. Nna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/numonthly.12125"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mefs.2017.12.002"},{"issue":"6","key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.5897\/AJEST2014.1853","article-title":"Protective role of lycopene and vitamin E against diazinon-induced biochemical changes in Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"9","author":"A. T. A. Ibrahim","year":"2015","journal-title":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12130"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2017.289.297"},{"issue":"3","key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2010.00571.x","article-title":"Toxic effect of cyclophosphamide on sperm morphology, testicular histology and blood oxidant\u2010antioxidant balance, and protective roles of lycopene and ellagic acid","volume":"107","author":"A. O. \u00c7eriba\u015fi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-013-9961-9"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-02016-7"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9876363"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.2.2.8177"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25923"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02881-1"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2019.152301"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.12.006"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20171003"},{"issue":"1","key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12806","article-title":"Protective effect of L\u2010carnitine and L\u2010arginine against busulfan\u2010induced oligospermia in adult rat","volume":"50","author":"A. Abd\u2010Elrazek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"47","article-title":"L-carnitine modulates autophagy, oxidative stress and inflammation in trazodone induced testicular toxicity","volume":"290","author":"N. F. Khedr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1355"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22565"},{"issue":"15","key":"50","first-page":"3115","article-title":"Physiological effects of cadmium stress on Astragalus membranaceus seedlings and alleviative effects of attapulgite clay on cadmium stress","volume":"43","author":"W.-Q. Sainao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za zhi"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ije\/2022\/6266613.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ije\/2022\/6266613.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ije\/2022\/6266613.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T00:00:55Z","timestamp":1700784055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ije\/2022\/6266613\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Pawel","family":"Grzmil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["6266613","6266613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6266613","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-8345","1687-8337"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-8345","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1687-8337","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]}}}