{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T20:02:50Z","timestamp":1768420970681,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007787","name":"National Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["120120231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120120231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mastitis is an important disease in dairy animals worldwide. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common causes of clinical and subclinical intramammary infections. In the current study, we isolated bacteria from 150 mastitic milk samples. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the methicillin resistance genes in S. aureus to detect the occurrence of MRSA isolates. Green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) using aqueous leaf extracts of Artemisia herb Alba (A. herb Alba TiO2 NPs). The antibacterial efficacy of these nanoparticles was evaluated (in vitro and in vivo) against collected MRSA isolates using the disc diffusion method and SPF rats. Out of 150 mastitic milk samples, the frequency of S. aureus was 38 (25.3%), that of E. coli was 45 (30%), that of Klebsiella spp. Was 7 (4.7%), and that of Streptococcus spp. Was 11 (7.3%). Among 38 positive isolates of S. aureus, MRSA was 16 (42.1%) by antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AST) and 14 (38.8%) by multiplex PCR. The MRSA isolates were shown to have 100% resistance to penicillin and methicillin, 87.5% resistance to gentamicin, 50% resistance to cefoxitin and amoxicillin, and 75% resistance to ampicillin and ampicillin\/sublactam with low resistance against erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and levofloxacin by AST, respectively. A. herb Alba TiO2 NP formation was observed by changing the colour from white to dark green. The UV spectrum revealed absorbance peaks at 240\u2013250\u2009nm, and their sizes ranged from 42\u201366\u2009nm and 11 to 45\u2009nm by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). \u200fA. herb Alba TiO2 NP suspensions were evaluated against MRSA, with the highest zone of inhibition (43\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45\u2009mm) at a concentration of 40\u2009\u03bcg\/ml. Hematological parameters and histological examination after oral administration of 20\u2009mg\/kg of A. herb Alba TiO2 NPs indicated that A. herb Alba TiO2 NPs can be used as a new antimicrobial against resistant bacteria (MRSA) with consideration of the dose and methods of synthesis of plant-based compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6309984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T16:20:10Z","timestamp":1669134010000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Ruminants and Studying the Effect of Novel Green Synthetized Nanoparticles as One of the Alternative Treatments"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6834-721X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abeer","family":"Mostafa Abdalhamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2723-542X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gamil Sayed Gamil","family":"Zeedan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4156-8068","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amany","family":"Ahmed Arafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6315-4512","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eman","family":"Shafeek Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3919-2727","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Doaa","family":"Sedky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2793-7859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amani","family":"Abdel nabey Hafez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Division of Animal and Poultry Production, Desert Research Center, Matariya, Cairo, P. O. Box 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2021.1882713"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-16317"},{"key":"3","volume-title":"Etiology of Bovine Mastitis","author":"M. Shoaib","year":"2021"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21521\/mw.6606"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.607311"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03197-5"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0505-7"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/idr.s252332"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","first-page":"14","article-title":"Epidemiology, pathogenicity, animal infections, antibiotic resistance, public health significance, and economic impact of staphylococcus aureus: a comprehensive review","volume":"8","author":"M. Pal","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health Research"},{"key":"10","article-title":"Analytical methods for the characterization and diagnosis of infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa: a critical review","volume":"1204","author":"D. C\u0103p\u0103\u021b\u00een\u0103","year":"2022","journal-title":"AnalyticaChimicaActa"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22091473"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3630"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202100888"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-014-0301-x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2018.1538430"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111333","article-title":"Green synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of pouteriacampechiana and larvicidal and pupicidal activity on aedesaegypti","volume":"200","author":"M. Narayanan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/aje.2018.65.73"},{"issue":"11","key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327120927448","article-title":"Comparative toxicity assessment of nano-and bulk-phase titanium dioxide particles on the human mammary gland in vitro","volume":"39","author":"S. Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Human & Experimental Toxicology"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2021.108968"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.coac.2020.12.007","article-title":"Antimicrobial activities of biosynthesized nanomaterials","volume":"94","author":"M. Sathishkumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14876"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2018.355-362"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3801479"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2014.991-998"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01864-19"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2016.08.018"},{"issue":"3","key":"27","first-page":"122","article-title":"Detection of major mastitis pathogens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay in buffalo milk","volume":"85","author":"G. Charaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Animal Sciences"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.05.024"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110457"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.101896"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2019.02.010"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-820054-4.00005-7"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18958"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.gpp3-0060-2019"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09122.x"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128182"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390.2020.1818325"},{"issue":"6","key":"38","first-page":"835","article-title":"Studies on multidrug-resistance bacteria in ruminants with special interest on antimicrobial resistances genes","volume":"9","author":"A. M. Abdalhamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.205-212"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2019.103249"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134612"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9050362"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2019.09.008"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(87)80373-3"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-018-1313-x"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2017.03.004"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2754\/avb201786020167"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2021.108618"},{"issue":"2","key":"49","first-page":"143","article-title":"Evaluation of the bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strains isolated from mastitic milk of small ruminants and their surrounding environment in aswan, Egypt","volume":"27","author":"R. Salah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Research"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.33"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0191"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00200"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.100057","article-title":"Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"3","author":"A. K. Parthasarathy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insights into Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22038\/IJBMS.2017.9114"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2021.060"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02509-14"},{"key":"57","volume-title":"The Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Raw Bovine Milk in the Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania","author":"J. Mohammed","year":"2015"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23144599.2019.1691379"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/jvmah2015.0422"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26030523"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082276"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8833973"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061625"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.aavs\/2020\/8.4.433.443"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s121956"},{"issue":"2","key":"66","first-page":"105","article-title":"Protective effect of bradykinin potentiating factor on haematological parameters of diabetic male albino rats","volume":"7","author":"E. S. Abu Amra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sohag Journal of Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"67","first-page":"1253","article-title":"Acute toxicity and effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on some metabolic enzymes and hematological indices of the endangered Caspian trout juveniles (Salmo truttacaspius Kessler, 1877)","volume":"19","author":"F. E. Kaviyani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"68","article-title":"Determination of the immunogenic and hematologic effects of titanium nanoparticles manufactured from Aspergillus flavus in vivo","volume":"12","author":"M. N. Maaroof","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/971982"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0348-5"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jir.s190007"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2017.1417995"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/vmi\/2022\/6309984.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/vmi\/2022\/6309984.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/vmi\/2022\/6309984.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T16:20:28Z","timestamp":1669134028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/vmi\/2022\/6309984\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Nora","family":"Mestorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["6309984","6309984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6309984","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-0048","2090-8113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-0048","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2090-8113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]}}}