{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:35:46Z","timestamp":1792553746627,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPHS\/2016\/C 07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPHS\/2016\/C 07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most fatal cancer globally with limited treatment options. Plants and herbs have been used to treat cancer and other diseases for a long time by traditional practitioners in Sri Lanka. In the present study, leaf and bark extracts of selected plants were investigated for cytotoxic properties on HepG2 cells. Anti-oxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. Plant extracts that exerted cytotoxic effects on the HepG2 cell line with IC50 &lt;100\u2009\u03bcg\/mL were tested on normal liver epithelial cells (THLE-3). Out of the 56 extracts, 21 exhibited potent cytotoxic effects (IC50\u2009&lt;\u2009100\u2009\u00b5g\/mL) on HepG2 cells after 48\u2009h exposure, and 12 were less toxic (IC50\u2009&gt;\u2009100\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) to THLE-3 normal liver cells. Six extracts exhibited potent radical scavenging activity with EC50\u2009&lt;\u2009100\u2009\u03bcg\/mL against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while 17 extracts showed potent anti-oxidant activity (Trolox equivalents\u2009&gt;\u2009100\u2009mg\/g) against ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) assay. Out of the 56 extracts, 15 had total phenolic content above 100\u2009mg\/g of gallic acid equivalents, and 4 had flavonoid content above 100\u2009mg\/g of quercetin equivalents. Among the extracts screened, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Allophylus cobbe leaves (IC50 \u2013 9.388, 6.8, 19.95, and 11.3\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively), Madhuca longiflora bark (IC50 \u2013 14.42\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), methanol extract of Munronia pinnata bark (IC50 \u2013 52.06\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), and hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Adenanthera bicolor (IC50 \u2013 45.86, 27.35, 24.56, and 61.83\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively) exerted potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 with less toxicity (IC50\u2009&gt;\u2009100\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) to THLE-3\u2009cells after 48\u2009h of incubation. These findings provide a direction to isolate possible anti-cancer compounds for hepatocellular carcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6407688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T20:20:10Z","timestamp":1648671610000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Cytotoxicity against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Selected Endemic or Medicinal Plants in Sri Lanka"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5757-1873","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeyaraj","family":"Thusyanthan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo-3, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5318-7057","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nimesha Sulochani","family":"Wickramaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo-3, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3271-2865","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kanishka Sithira","family":"Senathilake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo-3, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6587-484X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Umapriyatharshini","family":"Rajagopalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo-3, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0608-4340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kamani Hemamala","family":"Tennekoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo-3, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Thabrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo-3, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5278-4770","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sameera Ranganath","family":"Samarakoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo-3, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2010-s4-05"},{"key":"2","volume-title":"National Cancer Incidence and Mortality Data Sri Lanka- 2012, National Cancer Registry by National Cancer Control Programme","year":"2020"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.05.011","article-title":"Plants as a source of anti-cancer agents","volume":"100","author":"G. 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