{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T18:23:28Z","timestamp":1748024608882,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015624","name":"University of Jeddah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Captial University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002546","name":"Sejong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002546","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006690","name":"Politecnico di Milano","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009501","name":"University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, digital images are widely communicated by media using social media applications. The general public captures the digital images for preserving the family and personal memories and to share with their friends and family. Digital images have been used extensively in forensic science to present the digital images as proof in the court and law enforcement agencies, which present a loophole for the culprits to forge the digital image and change the proofs and evidence. Copy-move forgery (CMF) is among the most widely employed image manipulation methods. In this method, the area of the image is duplicated to some other part to modify its content by applying different postprocessing operations on images like blurring, color reduction, and scaling which is a challenging research problem in copy-move forgery detection (CMFD). In this paper, an efficient and effective CMFD method is presented to identify the single and multiple altered areas in an image in the presence of postprocessing operations. The proposed CMFD method divides the image into circular blocks. It computes a rotation-invariant feature vector from each circular block of the image by applying local intensity order pattern (LIOP) features. The computed feature vectors are then compared using Euclidean distance to locate the suspected image\u2019s forged areas. The experimental results of the proposed CMFD method are reported on three standard datasets of the CMF, namely, CoMoFoD, KLTCI, and MICC-F220. The experimental analysis of the proposed CMFD method on these datasets indicates that it produces robust performance (detection accuracies of 97.29% on the CoMoFoD dataset, 98.53% on the KLTCI dataset, and 97.57% on the MICC-F220 dataset) as compared with state-of-the-art CMFD methods in terms of the standard performance evaluation parameters of the CMF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6580508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T23:35:28Z","timestamp":1655940928000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Passive Framework of Sparse Region Duplication Detection from Digital Images"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4888-2594","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zahid","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan Nazeer","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20125, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7473-8441","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rizwan Ali","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Unmanned Vehicle Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farzana","family":"Kulsoom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Munshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Bilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00450618.2020.1715479"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16435-4_5"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"PopescuA. C.FaridH.Exposing digital forgeries by detecting duplicated image regions2004Dept. Comput. Sci., Dartmouth College, Tech. Rep. TR2004-515"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5120\/3283-4472"},{"issue":"5","key":"5","first-page":"188","article-title":"Fast copy-move forgery detection","volume":"5","author":"H.-J. Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"WSEAS Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.07.037"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2018.03.015"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2004.839932"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-016-2663-3"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-019-04238-2"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PACIIA.2008.240"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2009.4959768"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2010.2078506"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MINES.2010.189"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.08.017"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2010.09.001"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2011.01.022"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CISP.2011.6100366"},{"issue":"4","key":"19","first-page":"199","article-title":"Detection of region duplication forgery in digital images using SURF","volume":"8","author":"B. Shivakumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI)"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.07.015"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diin.2012.04.004"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2011.2121056"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.09.013"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.03.028"},{"issue":"1","key":"25","first-page":"46","article-title":"An efficient scheme for detecting copy-move forged images by local binary patterns","volume":"4","author":"L. Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISDA.2013.6920733"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2013.11.034"},{"issue":"48","key":"28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identifying photo forgery using lighting elements","volume":"9","author":"M. Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Science and Technology"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2585118"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2019.1145"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219467819500141"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6266-0"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00473"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09225-6"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisa.2019.01.007"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-10810-6"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.31.5.051402"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6775-x"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00450618.2017.1356871"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWS48432.2020.9292387"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-4829-0"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08495-z"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-7644-2_5","article-title":"Copy-move forgery detection with similar but genuine objects","volume-title":"Digital Image Forensics","author":"A. Roy","year":"2020"},{"volume-title":"The Elements of Statistical Learning","year":"2001","author":"J. Friedman","key":"44"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-4276-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"46","first-page":"86","article-title":"Block sampled matching with region growing for detecting copy-move forgery duplicated regions","volume":"8","author":"C.-C. Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inf Hiding Multimed Signal Process"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2017.8076056"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126294"},{"author":"D. Tralic","key":"49","article-title":"CoMoFoD\u2014new database for copy-move forgery detection"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-3373-5_10","article-title":"Image forgery detection using co-occurrence-based texture operator in frequency domain","volume-title":"Progress in Intelligent Computing Techniques: Theory, Practice, and Applications","author":"S. Agarwal","year":"2018"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2455334"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2791405.2791453"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2011.2129512"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-017-1191-7"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-04960-1","volume-title":"Advances in Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems","author":"S. M. Thampi","year":"2014"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2016.12.022"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-4289-y"},{"key":"58","article-title":"Detection of copy-move forgery in digital images","volume-title":"in Proceedings of Digital Forensic Research Workshop","author":"A. J. Fridrich","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2022\/6580508.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2022\/6580508.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2022\/6580508.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T23:35:57Z","timestamp":1655940957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2022\/6580508\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["6580508","6580508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6580508","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-7268","1687-725X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-7268"},{"type":"print","value":"1687-725X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]}}}