{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:29:05Z","timestamp":1762432145211,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641254400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20180530057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180530057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Portosystemic collateral vessels are a sign of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis. Esophageal collateral veins (ECVs) are one major type of portosystemic collateral vessels, which increase the recurrence of esophageal varices and bleeding after variceal eradication. However, the risk factors for ECVs were still unclear. Methods. We retrospectively screened cirrhotic patients who had contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images to evaluate ECVs and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic reports to evaluate gastroesophageal varices at our department. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the independent risk factors for ECVs. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed in patients with and without previous endoscopic variceal therapy which primarily included endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS). Results. Overall, 243 patients were included, in whom the prevalence of ECVs was 53.9%. The independent risk factors for ECVs were hepatitis C virus infection (OR\u2009=\u20090.250, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009=\u20090.026), previous EVL (OR\u2009=\u20091.929, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009=\u20090.044), platelet (OR\u2009=\u20090.993, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009=\u20090.008), and esophageal varices needing treatment (EVNTs) (OR\u2009=\u20092.422, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009=\u20090.006). The prevalence of ECVs was 60.8% (73\/120) in patients undergoing EVL, 50% (10\/20) in those undergoing EIS, and 47.5% (48\/101) in those without previous endoscopic variceal therapy. The independent risk factors for ECVs were the use of nonselective beta-blockers (OR\u2009=\u20090.294, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>p<\/i:mi>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009=\u20090.042) and EVNTs (OR\u2009=\u20093.714, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>p<\/k:mi>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009=\u20090.006) in subgroup analyses of patients with and without previous endoscopic variceal therapy, respectively. Conclusions. The presence of ECVs should be closely associated with the severity of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis. Risk of ECVs might be increased by previous EVL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6666791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T17:50:09Z","timestamp":1641318609000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk Factors for Esophageal Collateral Veins in Cirrhosis with and without Previous Endoscopic Esophageal Variceal Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2293-3472","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qianqian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China"},{"name":"Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6397-0501","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaozhong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2805-6818","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ji","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8561-6810","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiangbo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China"},{"name":"Postgraduate College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110840, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6841-4929","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saurabh","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1747-5267","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hongyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9448-6739","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xingshun","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China"},{"name":"Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China"},{"name":"Postgraduate College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110840, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra0901512"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01481.x"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28906","article-title":"Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases","volume":"65","author":"G. 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