{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T01:34:20Z","timestamp":1785202460343,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644278400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006661","name":"United Nations Population Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V\/P\/RCS\/05\/732\/20202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V\/P\/RCS\/05\/732\/20202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007861","name":"University of Gondar","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V\/P\/RCS\/05\/732\/20202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V\/P\/RCS\/05\/732\/20202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rehabilitation Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. Childbirth is a special time in the lives of women and families at large. It can also be a time of great tragedy. International reports show that, annually, more than 500,000 women die from pregnancy and childbirth complications globally. For every woman who dies in childbirth, majorities remain alive, but scarred by permanent disabilities. Obstetric fistula is, without a doubt, the most severe of pregnancy-related disabilities. Objective. This research is aimed at assessing the long-term effects of obstetric fistula on the overall quality of life among fistula survivors in central Gondar zone. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women who had undergone obstetric fistula repair, 1-4 years after the surgery, in the central Gondar zone. The participants were reached through appointments that were made by the researchers using census approach after having the participants\u2019 contact lists (specific residence and cell phone numbers), and research interviews have taken place at the respondents\u2019 home or residence using an adapted and validated tool. Data entry and analysis were done using Epi Info version 7 and SPSS version 20, respectively. Results. A total of 182 fistula survivors were interviewed giving a 94.8% response rate. This study indicated that 84.1% (95% CI: 78.8, 89.4) of respondents had a poor overall quality of life. Maternal age (&gt;30 years) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mtext>AOR<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>3.8<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, 95% CI: 2.6, 12.3), marital status (divorced survivors) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mtext>AOR<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>2.7<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, 95% CI: 1.3, 8.5), and urinary incontinence (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mtext>AOR<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>1.9<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, 95% CI: 2.4, 11.2) were positive predictors for poor overall quality of life. The majority of fistula survivors, 82.4%, were stigmatized which could make reintegration into the community challenging for them. Healthcare providers have to implement counseling to women for social reintegration and the possibility of gainful societal activities after repairing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6703409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T16:56:31Z","timestamp":1644339391000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Long-Term Effects of Obstetric Fistula on the Overall Quality of Life among Survivors Who Had Undergone Obstetric Fistula Repair, Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: A Community-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8010-7497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Getie Lake","family":"Aynalem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar City, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1118-2674","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Belayneh Ayanaw","family":"Kassie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar City, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chernet","family":"Baye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology\/Obstetrics, University of Gondar, Gondar City, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Animut Tagele","family":"Tamiru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar City, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiber Temesgen","family":"Anteneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar City, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aster","family":"Berhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNFPA, Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wagaye","family":"Fentahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNFPA-Supported Maternal Health Project, University of Gondar, Gondar City, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tibeb Zena","family":"Debele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar City, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0378-7630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Birhanu Wubale","family":"Yirdaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar City, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bayew Kelkay","family":"Rade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar City, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8051-7779","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mihretu Molla","family":"Enyew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar City, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"Obstetrics fistula","author":"WHO","year":"2018"},{"key":"2","volume-title":"Essential Surgery: Disease Control Priorities","author":"A. S. M. L. Polan","year":"2015","edition":"3rd"},{"key":"3","article-title":"Community awareness about risk factors, presentation and prevention and obstetric fistula in Nabitovu village, Iganga district, Uganda","volume":"13","author":"D. K. K. Nassar Kasamba","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7953915"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afju.2015.06.003"},{"key":"6","article-title":"Long-term outcomes for women after obstetric fistula repair in Lilongwe, Malawi: a qualitative study","volume":"16","author":"J. P. W. Laura","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"key":"7","article-title":"Social immersion for women after repair for obstetric fistula: an experience in Guinea","volume":"53","author":"M. D. Alexandre Delamou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontier in Global Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0605-1"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12469"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111256"},{"key":"11","volume-title":"Obstetric fistula: guiding principles for clinical management and programme development","author":"G. Lewis","year":"2006"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-0420.1000174"},{"key":"13","volume-title":"Report on the meeting for the prevention & treatment of obstetric fistula","author":"CU UNFPA, FIGO","year":"2001"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7023-7"},{"key":"15","article-title":"Health-related quality of life among women in rural Bangladesh after surgical repair of obstetric fistula","volume":"C-13","author":"A. M. Atsuko Imoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"National Library of Medicine"}],"container-title":["Rehabilitation Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/rerp\/2022\/6703409.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/rerp\/2022\/6703409.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/rerp\/2022\/6703409.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T16:56:40Z","timestamp":1644339400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/rerp\/2022\/6703409\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Tramontano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["6703409","6703409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6703409","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-2875","2090-2867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-2875","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2090-2867","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]}}}