{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:13:47Z","timestamp":1790666027986,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Medical Award Foundation","award":["YXJL-2021-0116-0172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YXJL-2021-0116-0172"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Medical Award Foundation","award":["JJMS2020-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJMS2020-05"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014418","name":"Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YXJL-2021-0116-0172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YXJL-2021-0116-0172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014418","name":"Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JJMS2020-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJMS2020-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Lung fibrosis is a severe lung disorder featured by chronic nonspecific inflammation of the interstitial lung and deposition of collagen, leading to lung dysfunction. It has been identified that ferroptosis is involved in the progression of lung injury. Particulate matter (PM2.5) is reported to be correlated with the incidence of pulmonary fibrosis. However, mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in PM2.5-related lung fibrosis is unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of PM2.5 on ferroptosis in lung fibrosis and the related molecular mechanisms. Methods. PM2.5-treated mouse model and cell model were established. Fibrosis and tissue damage were measured by Masson\u2019s trichrome staining and HE staining. Fibrosis biomarkers, such as \u03b1-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III, were examined by histological analysis. The ferroptosis phenotypes, including the levels of iron, Fe2+, MDA, and GSH, were measured by commercial kits. ROS generation was checked by DCFH-DA. The oxidative stress indicators, 3-nitro-L-tyrosine (3<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mo>\u2032<\/a:mo>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>-NT), 4-HNE, and protein carbonyl, were checked by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and GSH\/GSSG ratio were assessed by TBARS assay kit and GSH\/GSSG assay kit, respectively. TGF-\u03b2 signaling was detected by Western blotting. Results. PM2.5 induced the lung injury and fibrosis in the mice model, along with elevated expression of fibrosis markers. PM2.5 enhanced oxidative stress in the lung of the mice. The SOD2 expression was reduced, and NRF2 expression was enhanced in the mice by the treatment with PM2.5. PM2.5 triggered ferroptosis, manifested as suppressed expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11, decreased levels of iron, Fe2+, and MDA, and increased GSH level in mouse model and cell model. The TGF-\u03b2 and Smad3 signaling was inhibited by PM2.5. ROS inhibitor NAC reversed PM2.5-regulated ROS and ferroptosis in primary mouse lung epithelial cells. Conclusions. Therefore, we concluded that PM2.5 exposure induced lung injury and fibrosis by inducing ferroptosis via TGF-\u03b2 signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7098463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T03:35:09Z","timestamp":1664336109000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["PM2.5 Exposure Induces Lung Injury and Fibrosis by Regulating Ferroptosis via TGF-\u03b2 Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuping","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanqi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2646-5693","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2018-0033OC","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 inhibition attenuates fibroblast invasion and severe lung fibrosis","volume":"60","author":"J. 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Ji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacologica Sinica"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9879138","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"record-id":"48480"},{"DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9879138","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000}}],"container-title":["Disease Markers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2022\/7098463.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2022\/7098463.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2022\/7098463.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T03:35:39Z","timestamp":1664336139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2022\/7098463\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["7098463","7098463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/7098463","relation":{"retraction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1155\/2023\/9879138","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1875-8630","0278-0240"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-8630","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0278-0240","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]}}}